Lungiselela i-landslides, i-mudslides kunye nomngcipheko we-hydrogeological: Nazi ezinye izibonakaliso

By UCristiano Antonino On Ngamana 17, 2023

Ukudilika komhlaba nobutyobo buqukuqela iimpawu ezilumkisayo, omawukwenze phambi, ngexesha, nasemva koko. Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokudilika komhlaba kunye nokuhamba kwenkunkuma, into omawuyenze ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva kwayo: imigaqo esisiseko yokuhlala ukhuselekile ngelixa ulinde uncedo.

Iingxaki zeHydrogeological zenzeka. Abahlanguli baya kungxama kwaye bancede abantu ababandakanyekayo. Kodwa eminye imithetho esisiseko inokugcina ubomi bakho kuqala ekulindelweni kwayo, kwaye okwesibini ibenze bakwazi ukungenelela ngamathuba amakhulu okuphumelela.

Ngokucacileyo akukho nqaku linokuthatha indawo yoqeqesho olufunekayo ukujongana nezi meko, kodwa ezinye iziseko zisabalulekile ngokwenene, kwaye kufuneka zifaniswe.

Njengoko kuya kuphinda kugxininiswe kweli nqaku, khumbula ukuba ireferensi yakho ngumqhubi weziko lokusebenza, kwaye ukuba uhlala kwindawo ethandwa kakhulu kwiingxaki ze-hydrogeological, ikhosi encinci yamalungiselelo ngokuqinisekileyo lukhetho olukhangele kude.

Iimpawu zeZilumkiso zokudilika komhlaba

Imithombo, i-seep, okanye umhlaba ogcweleyo kwiindawo ezingazange zibe manzi ngaphambili.
Ukuqhekeka okutsha okanye amaqhuma angaqhelekanga emhlabeni, iindlela zokuhamba ezitalatweni okanye iindlela zokuhamba.
Umhlaba uhamba ukusuka kwiziseko.
Izakhiwo ezincedisayo ezifana needekhi kunye neepatio ezithambekileyo kunye/okanye ezihamba ngokunxulumene nendlu enkulu.
Ukuthambeka okanye ukuqhekeka kwemigangatho yekhonkrithi kunye neziseko.
Iintambo zamanzi ezaphukileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphantsi komhlaba.
Iipali zemfonomfono eziyameyo, imithi, iindonga ezigcinayo okanye iingcingo.
Imigca yocingo ye-offset.
Iibhedi zendlela ezitshoneyo okanye eziwe phantsi.
Ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo kumanqanaba amanzi omlambo, okunokwenzeka kukhatshwa kukunyuka kwe-turbidity (umxholo womhlaba).
Ukuhla ngesiquphe kumanqanaba amanzi omlambo nangona imvula isanetha okanye isandula ukumisa.
Ukuncamathelisa iingcango kunye neefestile, kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo ezibonakalayo ezibonisa i-jambs kunye nefreyimu ngaphandle kwe-plumb.
Isandi esikhencezayo esinyukayo siphawuleka njengoko i-landslide isondela.
Izandi ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngokuqhekeka kwemithi okanye amatye ankqonkqozayo, zinokubonisa inkunkuma eshukumayo.

Iindawo eziqhele ukwenzeka kwiingozi zokudilika komhlaba

Kwizingqimba zomhlaba ezindala ezikhoyo.
Kwisiseko okanye kwisiseko samathambeka.
Ngaphakathi okanye emazantsi emingxuma emincinci yokuhambisa amanzi.
Kwisiseko okanye phezulu kwi-slope endala yokuzalisa.
Kwisiseko okanye phezulu kwithambeka elisikiweyo.
Iinduli eziphuhlisiwe apho iinkqubo ze-leach field septic zisetyenziswa.

Iindawo ezithathwa ngokuba zikhuselekile kukudilika komhlaba

Kwibhedi eqinileyo, engadityaniswanga engakhange ishukume kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Kwiindawo ezithe tyaba ezithe tyaba kude notshintsho lwesiquphe kwi-engile yethambeka.
Phezulu okanye ecaleni kwempumlo yeengqungquthela, buyela emva ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zemithambeka.

Yintoni omawuyenze phambi kokudilika komhlaba

Kuya kuba yinto ekruqulayo, kodwa ngokunyaniseka kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuphepha ukudilika komhlaba kufuneka sele kubonwe kwangaphambili ngexesha lokwakha.

Ngoko ke

Musa ukwakha kufutshane nethambeka, kufutshane nencam yentaba, kufutshane neendlela zokukhupha amanzi, okanye iintlambo zendalo zokhukuliseko.
Fumana uvavanyo olusisiseko lwepropathi yakho.
Qhagamshelana namagosa asekuhlaleni, uphando lwejoloji karhulumente okanye amasebe obutyebi bendalo, kunye namasebe eyunivesiti yejoloji. Ukudilika komhlaba kwenzeka apho bekukhe kwabakho ngaphambili, nakwiindawo ezinobungozi ezibonakalayo. Cela ulwazi malunga nokudilika komhlaba kwindawo yakho, ulwazi oluthile ngeendawo ezisesichengeni sokukhukuliseka komhlaba, kwaye ucele ukuthunyelwa kobuchwephesha ukuze kuhlalutywe indawo eneenkcukacha yepropathi yakho, kunye namanyathelo okulungisa onokuwathatha, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Jonga iipateni zemibhobho yamanzi emvula kufutshane nekhaya lakho, kwaye uqaphele iindawo apho amanzi ahambayo adibana khona, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwimijelo. Ezi ziindawo ekufuneka uziphephe xa kukho isaqhwithi.
Funda malunga nempendulo kaxakeka kunye nezicwangciso zokufuduka kwindawo yakho. Phuhlisa isicwangciso sakho sikaxakeka sosapho lwakho okanye ishishini.

Into omawuyenze ngexesha lokudilika komhlaba

Hlala uphaphile kwaye uphapheme. Uninzi lokufa kobutyobo lwenzeka xa abantu belele. Mamela irediyo yeMozulu ye-NOAA okanye unomathotholo ophathwayo, osebenza ngebhetri okanye umabonakude ukuze ufumane izilumkiso zokuna kwemvula enkulu. Kubalulekile, kuba kwiimeko zee-smartphones ezingxamisekileyo zisenokungabi nomqondiso, kwaye oku kunokungqina ukubulawa. Ayisiyonto nje into yokuba abahlanguli abaziingcali basasebenzisa oonomathotholo, akunjalo? Kufuneka uqaphele ukuba izandyondyo zemvula ezinamandla, ezimfutshane zinokuba yingozi ngakumbi, ngakumbi emva kwexesha elide lemvula enkulu kunye nemozulu emanzi.
Ukuba ukwiindawo ezisengozini yokudilika komhlaba kunye nokuhamba kobutyobo, cinga ngokushiya ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza oko. Khumbula ukuba ukuqhuba ngexesha lesaqhwithi kunokuba yingozi. Ukuba uhleli ekhaya, dlulela kwibali lesibini ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukuhlala ngaphandle kwendlela yokudilika komhlaba okanye ukuhamba kobutyobo kusindisa ubomi.
Phulaphula naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubonisa inkunkuma eshukumayo, njengokuqhekeka kwemithi okanye amatye ankqonkqozayo. Ukuthontsiza kodaka oluqukuqelayo okanye oluwayo okanye inkunkuma inokubakho ngaphambi kokudilika komhlaba okukhulu. Ubutyobo obuhambayo bunokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.
Ukuba ukufutshane nomjelo okanye umjelo, lumkela nakuphi na ukwanda ngequbuliso okanye ukwehla kwamanzi ahambayo kunye nokutshintsha ukusuka kumanzi acwengileyo ukuya kudaka. Utshintsho olunjalo lunokubonisa umsebenzi wokudilika komhlaba phezulu, ngoko kulungele ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulibazisa! Zisindise, kungekhona izinto zakho.
Lumka ngakumbi xa uqhuba. Iibhulorho zinokukhukuliseka, kwaye iikholvethi zigqitywe. Musa ukuwela imilambo ekhukulayo!! Jika, Musa ukuDrown®!. Imigubasi esecaleni kwendlela ichaphazeleka ngakumbi kukudilika komhlaba. Jonga indlela yepavumente edilikileyo, udaka, amatye awileyo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuqukuqela kobutyobo obunokubakho.
Qaphela ukuba ukushukuma ngamandla kweenyikima kunokubangela okanye kuqinise imiphumo yokudilika komhlaba.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kusondele iNgozi yokudilika komhlaba

Qhagamshelana nomlilo, amapolisa, okanye isebe lemisebenzi yoluntu. Amagosa asekuhlaleni ngabona bantu bafanelekileyo abakwaziyo ukuvavanya ingozi enokwenzeka.
Yazisa abamelwane abachaphazelekayo. Abamelwane bakho basenokungazazi iingozi ezinokubakho. Ukubacebisa ngengozi enokubakho kunokunceda ukusindisa ubomi. Nceda abamelwane abasenokufuna uncedo lokufuduka.
Phuma. Ukuphuma kwindlela yokudilika komhlaba okanye ukuhamba kobutyobo lolona khuselo lwakho lulungileyo.
Jikeleza kwibhola eqinile kwaye ukhusele intloko yakho ukuba ukubaleka akunakwenzeka.

Yintoni omawuyenze emva kokudilika komhlaba

Hlala kude nendawo yesilayidi. Kusenokubakho ingozi yezilayidi ezongezelelweyo.
Mamela unomathotholo wasekuhlaleni okanye izikhululo zikamabonakude ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungxamisekileyo.
Jonga izikhukula, ezinokubakho emva kokudilika komhlaba okanye ukuqukuqela kobutyobo. Izikhukula ngamanye amaxesha zilandela ukudilika komhlaba kunye nokuhamba kobutyobo kuba zinokuqalwa zisehlo esinye.
Khangela abantu abonzakeleyo nabavalelekileyo kufutshane nesilayidi, ngaphandle kokungena kwindawo yesilayidi ngokuthe ngqo. Abahlanguli ngqo kwiindawo zabo.
Nceda ummelwane onokufuna uncedo olukhethekileyo - iintsana, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo. Abantu abadala kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo banokufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo. Abantu ababanyamekelayo okanye abaneentsapho ezinkulu banokufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo kwiimeko zonxunguphalo.
Khangela kwaye unike ingxelo yeendlela ezisetyenziswayo ezaphukileyo kunye neendlela ezonakalisiweyo kunye noololiwe kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Ukunika ingxelo ngeengozi ezinokubakho kuya kwenza ukuba izixhobo zicinywe ngokukhawuleza, kuthintelwe ingozi eyongezelelekileyo kunye nokwenzakala.
Qwalasela isiseko sesakhiwo, itshimini, nomhlaba osingqongileyo ukuba akukho monakalo kusini na. Ukonakaliswa kweziseko, iitshimini, okanye umhlaba ojikelezileyo kunokukunceda uvavanye ukhuseleko lwaloo ndawo.
Phinda utyale umhlaba owonakele ngokukhawuleza njengoko ukhukuliseko olubangelwa yilahleko yesigqumathelo somhlaba lunokukhokelela kwizikhukhula kunye nokudilika komhlaba okongeziweyo kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Funa iingcebiso kwingcali ye-geotechnical yokuvavanya iingozi zokudilika komhlaba okanye ukuyila iindlela zokulungisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokudilika komhlaba. Ingcali iya kukwazi ukukucebisa ngezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokudilika komhlaba, ngaphandle kokudala ingozi eyongezelelweyo.