A asalin aikin likita: tarihin makarantun likitanci na farko
Tafiya zuwa Haihuwa da Juyin Halitta na Ilimin Likita
Makarantar Montpellier: Al'adar Shekara Dubu
The Faculty of Medicine a Jami'ar Montpellier, wanda aka kafa a karni na 12, an gane shi azaman makarantar likitanci mafi tsufa mai ci gaba da aiki a duniya. Asalinsa ya koma 1170 lokacin da aka kafa cibiyar farko na kwararrun likitoci. A cikin 1181, an kafa ta William VIII ya sanar da 'yancin koyar da magani in Montpellier. Wannan makaranta tana da tarihin tarihi mai cike da tasirin Larabci, Bayahude, da al'adun likitanci na Kirista da kuma mahimmancin aikin likitanci a waje da kowane tsarin hukuma. 17 ga Agusta, 1220. Cardinal Conrad da Urach, Majalisar Paparoma, ta ba da ka'idoji na farko ga "universitas medicorum" na Montpellier. Makarantar Montpellier ta ga nassi na masu tarihi irin su Rabi'u da kuma Arnaud de Villeneuve, yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga haɓaka magungunan zamani.
Makarantar Likitan Salerno: Majagaba na Ilimin Kiwon Lafiyar Turai
Salerno, a kudancin Italiya, ana la'akari da shimfiɗar jariri na zamani na jami'a na Turai. The Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Salerno, da kansa ya bayyana a matsayin "Civitas Hippocratica", an gina shi akan al'adun Hippocrates, likitocin Alexandria, da Galen. A cikin karni na 11, sabon zamani ya fara da Constantine dan Afirka, wanda ya fassara rubuce-rubucen magungunan Greco-Larabci zuwa Latin. Wannan makaranta ta zama babbar cibiyar ilimin likitanci ga maza da mata, tare da ingantaccen tsarin koyarwa da tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a. A karni na 12, kusan duk littattafan Aristotle, Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna, da Rhazes sun kasance a cikin Latin. An ƙarfafa ilimin likitanci a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Frederick II, wanda ya sanya shi karkashin kulawar jiha.
Muhimmancin Makarantun Likitanci
Makarantun likitanci na Montpellier da Salerno sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka magungunan zamani, tasiri ilimin likitanci da aiki a fadin Turai. Hanyar ilmantar da su da kuma buɗaɗɗen al'adun likitanci daban-daban sun kafa tushen ilimin likitancin jami'a kamar yadda muka sani a yau. Waɗannan cibiyoyin ilmantarwa ba wai kawai sun samar da ƙwararrun likitoci ba amma kuma sun kasance cibiyoyi na bincike da bidi'a.
Idan aka yi la’akari da tarihin waɗannan makarantu, zai bayyana yadda ilimin likitanci ya yi tasiri sosai ga al’umma. Abubuwan gado na makarantu kamar Montpellier da Salerno suna ci gaba da yin tasiri a duniyar likitanci, suna nuna mahimmancin koyo na tushen aiki, bincike, da bambancin al'adu.
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