Maganin zamani: tsakanin empiricism da bangaskiya
Ƙaddamarwa cikin ayyuka da imani na likitanci a cikin tsakiyar Turai
Tushen tsoho da ayyuka na zamani
Medicine in Turai ta tsakiya ya wakilci haɗakar tsohon ilimin, tasirin al'adu iri-iri, da sabbin abubuwa masu inganci. Kula da ma'auni na hudu ban dariya (Yellow Bile, phlegm, black bile, da jini), likitoci na lokacin sun dogara da daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje na farko don tantance marasa lafiya, la'akari da abubuwa kamar yanayin zama, abinci na al'ada, har ma da horoscopes. Aikin likitanci ya yi tushe sosai a cikin Al'adar Hippocratic, wanda ya jaddada mahimmancin abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna don dawo da ma'auni na barkwanci.
Templar waraka da magungunan jama'a
Daidai da ayyukan likita bisa Al'adar Greco-Roman, akwai hanyoyin warkarwa na Templar da magungunan jama'a. Likitan jama'a, wanda al'adun arna da al'adun gargajiya suka rinjayi, sun jaddada amfani da magungunan ganya. Wannan empirical da pragmatic hanya sun fi mayar da hankali kan warkar da cututtuka fiye da fahimtar ilimin etiological. Ganyayyaki na magani, waɗanda ake nomawa a cikin lambunan zuhudu, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jiyya a lokacin. Figures kamar Hildegard da Bingen, yayin da ake karatu a likitancin Girka na gargajiya, sun kuma haɗa magunguna daga magungunan jama'a a cikin ayyukansu.
Ilimin likitanci da tiyata
A likita Makarantar Montpellier, tun daga karni na 10, da ka'idojin aikin likita ta hanyar Roger na Sicily a cikin 1140, nuna yunƙurin daidaitawa da ka'idojin magani. Dabarun fida na lokacin sun hada da yanke jiki, daskararru, cire ido, cirewar hakori, da matsi. Apothecaries, waɗanda suka sayar da magunguna da kayayyaki ga masu fasaha, sun zama cibiyoyin ilimin likitanci.
Cututtuka na zamani da kuma tsarin ruhaniya don warkarwa
Cututtukan da aka fi jin tsoro a tsakiyar zamanai sun haɗa da annoba, kuturta, da wutar Saint Anthony. Annobar 1346 rugujewar Turai ba tare da la'akari da matsayin zamantakewa ba. Kuturta, ko da yake ba su da yaduwa fiye da yadda aka yi imani, masu fama da keɓe saboda nakasar da ta haifar. Wutar Saint Anthony, lalacewa ta hanyar shan gurɓataccen hatsin rai, zai iya haifar da gangrenous extremities. Waɗannan cututtuka, tare da wasu da yawa marasa ban mamaki, sun zayyana yanayin ƙalubalen likitanci sau da yawa ana magance su ta hanyar ruhaniya, tare da ayyukan likitanci na lokacin.
Magunguna a Tsakiyar Tsakiya sun nuna haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗen haɗin kai na ilimi mai zurfi, ruhi, da ƙa'idodin ƙwararru na farko. Duk da gazawa da camfi na lokacin, wannan lokacin ya kafa tushen ci gaba na gaba a fagen magani da tiyata.
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