"Umthetho we-ABC" okanye nje "u-ABC" kwezamayeza ubonisa ubuchule be-mnemonic obukhumbuza abahlanguli ngokubanzi (kungekhona oogqirha kuphela) ngezigaba ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusindisa ubomi kuvavanyo kunye nonyango lwesigulane, ngakumbi xa singekho zingqondweni, kwi- izigaba zokuqala zeNkxaso yoBomi obuSisiseko

Isishunqulelo esithi ABC sisishunqulelo samagama amathathu esiNgesi:

• indlela yomoya: indlela yomoya;
• ukuphefumla: umoya;
• ukujikeleza: ukujikeleza.

Ipatency yomgaqo womoya (okt into yokuba umgaqo womoya awunamiqobo enokuthintela ukuhamba komoya), ubukho bomoya kunye nobukho bokuhamba kwegazi eneneni zizinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kubomi bomguli.

Umgaqo we-ABC uluncedo ngokukodwa ekukhumbuzeni umhlanguli kwizinto eziphambili ekuzinziseni isigulane

Ngaloo ndlela, i-patency ye-airway, ubukho bokuphefumula, kunye nokujikeleza kufuneka kuhlolwe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iphinde iphinde imiswe ngolu hlobo oluchanekileyo, ngaphandle koko ukuhamba okulandelayo kuya kusebenza ngaphantsi.

Ngamagama alula, umhlanguli uyabonelela Uncedo yokuqala kwisigulana kufuneka:

• Okokuqala jonga ukuba umgaqo womoya ucacile (ingakumbi ukuba umguli akakho zingqondweni);
• Emva koko khangela ukuba ixhoba liyaphefumla;
• emva koko ujonge ukujikeleza, umz. i-radial okanye i-carotid pulse.

Ifomula 'yakudala' yomthetho we-ABC ijolise ikakhulu kubahlanguli ngokubanzi, okt abo bangengabo abasebenzi bezonyango.

Ifomula ye-ABC, njenge I-AVPU Isikali kunye ne-GAS, kufuneka yaziwe ngumntu wonke kwaye ifundiswe ukususela kumabanga aphantsi.

Kwiingcali (oogqirha, abahlengikazi kunye nee-paramedics), iifomyula eziyinkimbinkimbi ziye zaqulunqwa, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ABCD kunye ne-ABCDE, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kukhathalelo lwempilo ngabahlanguli, abahlengikazi kunye noogqirha.

Kwezinye iimeko kusetyenziswe iifomyula ezibanzi, ezinje nge ABCDEF okanye ABCDEFG okanye ABCDEFGH okanye ABCDEFGHI.

I-ABC 'ibaluleke' ngaphezu kwesixhobo sokukhupha i-KED

Kwimeko yengozi yendlela kunye nexhoba lengozi kwisithuthi, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukujonga indlela yomoya, ukuphefumla kunye nokujikeleza, kwaye kungoko kuphela apho ixhoba lengozi linokuthi lifakwe entanyeni brace kunye IKED (ngaphandle kokuba imeko ifuna ukutsalwa ngokukhawuleza, umz. ukuba akukho mlilo urhabaxa kwisithuthi).

Ngaphambi kwe-ABC: ukhuseleko kunye nemeko yokuqonda

Into yokuqala enokuyenza emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba ixhoba lisendaweni ekhuselekileyo kwimeko yongxamiseko yonyango kukujonga isimo sengqondo somguli: ukuba uyazi, umngcipheko wokuphefumla kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo kunqatshelwe.

Ukukhangela ukuba ixhoba lizingqondweni okanye alikho, sondela nje kulo ukwicala elijonge ngakulo; ungaze umbize emntwini kuba xa kukho ukwenzakala kumqolo wesibeleko ukushukuma kwentloko ngesiquphe kunokubulala.

Ukuba ixhoba liyaphendula kuyacetyiswa ukuba lizazise kwaye libuze ngemeko yempilo yalo; ukuba uyasabela kodwa akakwazi ukuthetha, cela ukubamba isandla kunye nomhlanguli. Ukuba akukho mpendulo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isivuseleli esibuhlungu kwixhoba, ngokuqhelekileyo i-pinch kwi-eyelid ephezulu.

Ixhoba lingasabela ngokuzama ukubaleka intlungu kodwa lihlale likwimeko ephantse yalala, ngaphandle kokuphendula okanye ukuvula amehlo abo: kulo mzekelo umntu akakho zingqondweni kodwa zombini ukuphefumla kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo kukho.

Ukuvavanya imeko yokuqonda, isikali se-AVPU sinokusetyenziswa.

Ngaphambi kwe-ABC: indawo yokhuseleko

Xa kungekho nakuphi na ukusabela, kwaye ngoko ke ukungabi nangqondo, umzimba wesigulane kufuneka ubekwe phezulu (isisu phezulu) kwindawo eqinile, ngokukhethekileyo emgangathweni; intloko kunye nemilenze kufuneka zihambelane nomzimba.

Ukwenza oku, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuhambisa umntu owenzakeleyo kwaye enze iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zemisipha, ekufuneka zenziwe ngononophelo, kwaye kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kakhulu, kwimeko yokwenzakala okanye ukukrokra.

Kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko ukubeka umntu kwindawo yokhuseleko olusecaleni.

Ukunyamekela okukhulu kufuneka kuthathwe ekuphatheni umzimba kwimeko yentloko, intamo kunye Umgudu ukwenzakala kwentambo: kwimeko yokonzakala kwezi ndawo, ukuhambisa isigulana kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ebuchotsheni kunye/okanye kwintambo yomqolo (umzekelo ukukhubazeka komzimba ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukwenzakala kukwinqanaba lomlomo wesibeleko).

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ngaphandle kokuba uyayazi into oyenzayo, kokona kulungileyo ukumshiya umntu owenzakeleyo kwindawo akuyo (ngaphandle kokuba ukwimeko-bume engakhuselekanga kwaphela, njengendawo etshisayo).

Isifuba kufuneka singagqunywa kwaye nawaphi na amaqhina kufuneka asuswe njengoko anokuthintela indlela yomoya.

Impahla idla ngokunqunyulwa ngesikere (esibizwa ngokuba sisikere sikaRobin) ukonga ixesha.

I-“A” ye-ABC: Ipatency yomoya kwisigulane esingekho zingqondweni

Ingozi enkulu kumntu ongekho zingqondweni kukuphazamiseka kwendlela yomoya: ulwimi ngokwalo, ngenxa yokulahleka kwethoni kwizihlunu, lunokuwela ngasemva kwaye luthintele ukuphefumla.

Ukuqhuba kokuqala okuza kwenziwa kukwandiswa okuthobekileyo kwentloko: esinye isandla sibekwe ebunzini kunye neminwe emibini phantsi kwe-chin protuberance, ukubuyisela intloko ngasemva ngokuphakamisa isilevu.

I-extension maneuver ithatha intamo ngaphaya kwesandiso sayo esiqhelekileyo: isenzo, ngelixa singenakwenziwa ngobundlobongela, kufuneka sisebenze.

Kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa komlomo wesibeleko, ukunyakaza kufuneka kugwenywe njengayo nayiphi na enye intshukumo yesigulane: kule meko, enyanisweni, kufuneka yenziwe kuphela xa kuyimfuneko (kwimeko yesigulane ekubanjweni kokuphefumla, umzekelo), kwaye kufuneka ibe yinxalenye kuphela, ukuthintela nokuba umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kwaye ongenakuguqulwa umqolo womgcini kwaye ke ngoko kwintambo yomqolo.

Abahlanguli kunye neenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo basebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-oro-pharyngeal cannulae okanye ii-delicate maneuvers ezifana ne-subluxation yomhlathi okanye i-intubation ukugcina i-airways ivulekile.

Umngxuma womlomo kufuneka emva koko uhlolwe kusetyenziswa 'i-purse maneuvre' eyenziwa ngokujija umnwe wesalathisi kunye nobhontsi kunye.

Ukuba kukho izinto ezithintela umgaqo womoya (umzekelo, amazinyo emboleko), kufuneka zisuswe ngesandla okanye ngeeforce, ulumke ungatyhali umzimba wangaphandle ungene ngaphakathi.

Ukuba kukho amanzi okanye olunye ulwelo, njengakwimeko yokurhaxwa, ukuphuma kwamanzi okanye ukopha, intloko yexhoba kufuneka ityekele ecaleni ukuze ulwelo lubaleke.

Ukuba unxunguphalo lurhanelwa, wonke umzimba kufuneka ujikelezwe ngoncedo lwabantu abaninzi ukugcina ikholamu kwi-axis.

Izixhobo eziluncedo zokosula ulwelo zisenokuba zizicubu okanye zosule, okanye zibe ngcono, ziphathekayo iyunithi yokunyuka.

“A” Umoya womoya kwisigulane esisezingqondweni

Ukuba isigulana sinolwazi, iimpawu zokuvaleka kwendlela yomoya zisenokuba ziintshukumo zesifuba ezingalinganiyo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukwenzakala komqala, ingxolo yokuphefumla kunye necyanosis.

I-“B” ye-ABC: Ukuphefumla kwisigulana esingekho zingqondweni

Emva kwesigaba sepatency yomoya kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba umntu owenzakeleyo uyaphefumla.

Ukujonga ukuphefumla ngokungazi, ungasebenzisa "i-GAS maneuvre", emele "jonga, mamela, uzive".

Oku kubandakanya 'ukukrwaqula' esifubeni, oko kukuthi ukujonga imizuzwana emi-2 ukuya kweye-3 ukuba isifuba siyakhula na.

Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthatyathwe ukuba ungadibanisi i-gasps kunye ne-gurgles ekhutshwe xa kwenzeka ukubanjwa kwentliziyo (ukuphefumula kwe-agonal) kunye nokuphefumula okuqhelekileyo: ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuphefumula okungekho ukuba ixhoba aliphefumli ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukuba akukho zimpawu zokuphefumla kuya kufuneka ukuba uphefumle ngomlomo okanye ngoncedo lokukhusela. izixhobo (imaski epokothweni, isikhuselo sobuso, njl. njl.) okanye, kubahlanguli, ibhaluni ezandisayo (AMBU).

Ukuba ukuphefumla kukho, kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba izinga lokuphefumula liqhelekileyo, linyukile okanye liyancipha.

“B” Ukuphefumla kwisigulana esisezingqondweni

Ukuba isigulane siyazi, akuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuphefumla, kodwa i-OPCS (Qaphela, i-Palpate, iMamela, Bala, i-Saturation) kufuneka yenziwe.

I-OPCS isetyenziselwa ukujonga 'umgangatho' wokuphefumla (okhoyo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umbandela unolwazi), ngelixa i-GAS isetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba umntu ongekho zingqondweni uyaphefumla okanye hayi.

Umhlanguli uya kuthi emva koko avavanye ukuba ngaba isifuba sanda ngokuchanekileyo, uzive ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene ngokubetha isifuba ngokukhawuleza, ukumamela nayiphi na imisindo yokuphefumla (i-rales, ikhwelo ...), bala izinga lokuphefumla kwaye ulinganise ukugcwala ngesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba imitha yokugcwalisa.

Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba izinga lokuphefumula liqhelekileyo, linyukile okanye liyancipha.

"C" kwi-ABC: Ukujikeleza kwisigulane esingekho zingqondweni

Khangela i-carotid (intamo) okanye i-radial pulse.

Ukuba akukho kuphefumula okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo akukho, ngokukhawuleza qhagamshelana nenombolo yongxamiseko kwaye ucebise ukuba ujongene nesigulane ekubanjweni kwe-cardiopulmonary kwaye uqale i-CPR ngokukhawuleza.

Kwezinye iifomyula, i-C ithathe intsingiselo ye-Compression, ibhekisela kwisidingo esibalulekileyo sokwenza ngokukhawuleza i-massage ye-cardiac (inxalenye ye-cardiopulmonary resuscitation) xa kwenzeka ukuphefumula.

Kwimeko yesigulane esibuhlungu, ngaphambi kokuvavanya ubukho kunye nomgangatho wokujikeleza, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na i-haemorrhages enkulu: ukulahlekelwa kwegazi elininzi kuyingozi kwisigulane kwaye kuya kwenza nayiphi na inzame yokuvuselela ingenamsebenzi.

"C" Ukujikeleza kwisigulane esinolwazi

Ukuba isigulana sinolwazi, ukubetha kwentliziyo okuza kuhlolwa kuya kukhethwa ukuba kube kokona kulungileyo, ekubeni ukukhangela i-carotid kusenokubangela ixhoba lixhalabe ngakumbi.

Kule meko, ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse akuyi kuba kukuqinisekisa ubukho be-pulse (enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengoko isigulane sisazi) kodwa ngokukodwa ukuvavanya ukuphindaphinda kwayo (i-bradycardia okanye i-tachycardia), rhoqo kunye nomgangatho ("igcwele ” okanye “ubuthathaka/ubhetyebhetye”).

Inkxaso yokuvuselela i-cardiovascular resuscitation

Inkxaso yempilo ye-cardiovascular life (ACLS) isethi yeenkqubo zonyango, izikhokelo kunye neeprothokholi, ezamkelwa ngabasebenzi bezonyango, abongikazi kunye nabasebenzi be-paramedical ukwenzela ukukhusela okanye ukunyanga ukubanjwa kwentliziyo okanye ukuphucula umphumo kwiimeko zokubuyela kwi-circulation ngokuzenzekelayo (ROSC).

Utshintsho 'D' kwi-ABCD: Ukukhubazeka

Ileta D ibonisa imfuneko yokuseka imeko ye-neurological yesigulane: abahlanguli basebenzisa i-AVPU isikali esilula kwaye sithe ngqo, ngelixa oogqirha kunye nabongikazi basebenzisa Glasgow Coma Scale (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-GCS).

I-acronym i-AVPU imele i-Alert, Verbal, Intlungu, Ukungaphenduli. Isilumkiso sithetha isigulana esinolwazi kunye nesilumkileyo; ngomlomo kuthetha isigulane esinesazela esivumayo xa sisabela ngokusebeza okanye ngokubetha; intlungu ithetha isigulane esisabela kuphela kwiimpembelelo ezibuhlungu; Ukungaphenduli kuthetha isigulane esingekho zingqondweni esingaphenduli kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokuvuselela.

Njengoko usuka kwi-A (isilumkiso) usiya ku-U (engaphenduliyo), ubume bobungqongqo buyanda.

Irediyo yabahlanguli EMHLABENI? TYELELA I-EMS RADIO BOOTH KWIMBONISO KAXAKEKA

"D" I-Defibrillator

Ngokwezinye iifomyula, unobumba D sisikhumbuzo sokuba i-defibrillation kuyimfuneko xa kwenzeka ukubanjwa kwentliziyo: iimpawu ze-pulseless fibrillation (VF) okanye i-ventricular tachycardia (VT) ziya kufana nezo zokubanjwa kwentliziyo.

Abahlanguli abanamava baya kusebenzisa i-defibrillator ye-semi-automatic, ngelixa abaqeqeshi bezempilo abaqeqeshiweyo baya kusebenzisa i-manual.

Nangona i-fibrillation kunye ne-ventricular tachycardia i-akhawunti ye-80-90% yazo zonke iimeko zokubanjwa kwenhliziyo [1] kunye ne-VF iyona nto ibangela ukufa (75-80% [2]), kubalulekile ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo xa i-defibrillation ifuneka ngokwenene; i-semi-automatic defibrillators ayivumeli ukukhutshwa ukuba isigulane singenayo i-VF okanye i-VT engena-pulseless (ngenxa yezinye ii-arrhythmias okanye i-asystole), ngelixa i-defibrillation ye-manual, eyilungelo labasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela, inokunyanzeliswa emva kokufunda i-ECG.

“D” Ezinye iintsingiselo

Unobumba D unokusetyenziswa njengesikhumbuzo:

Inkcazo yesigqi senhliziyo: ukuba isigulane singekho kwi-fibrillation ye-ventricular okanye i-tachycardia (kwaye ngoko ke i-defibrillated), isigqi esabangela ukuba kubanjwe intliziyo kufuneka ichongwe ngokufunda i-ECG (i-asystole enokwenzeka okanye umsebenzi wombane ongenamandla).

Iziyobisi: unyango lwe-pharmacological yesigulane, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokufikelela kwi-venous (inkqubo yonyango / yokonga).

UQEQESHO LOncedo lokuqala? TYELELA I-DMC DINAS MEDICAL CONSULTANTS BOOTH KWI-EXPO EXPO.

“E” uMboniso

Emva kokuba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo izinzile, uhlalutyo olunzulu ngakumbi lwemeko luyenziwa, lubuza isigulane (okanye izalamane, ukuba azithembekanga okanye ziyakwazi ukuphendula) ukuba zine-allergies okanye ezinye izifo, ukuba zisetyenziswe ngamayeza. kwaye ukuba bakha baneziganeko ezifanayo.

Ukuze ukhumbule nge-mnemonically yonke imibuzo ye-anamnestic emele ibuzwe ngamaxesha amaninzi okuhlangula, abahlanguli bahlala besebenzisa i-acronym AMPIA okanye i-acronym SAMPLE.

Ngokukodwa kwimeko yeziganeko ezibuhlungu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba isigulane siye safumana ukulimala okungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, nakwiindawo zomzimba ezingabonakali ngokukhawuleza.

Isigulana kufuneka sikhulule (ukunqunyulwa kwempahla ukuba kuyimfuneko) kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni, kujongwe nakuphi na ukuphuka, amanxeba okanye ukopha okuncinci okanye okufihliweyo (i-hematomas).

Ukulandela uvavanyo lwentloko ukuya kwinzwane isigulane sigqunywe ngengubo ye-isothermal ukuphepha i-hypothermia enokwenzeka.

IIKHOLASI ZESIBELEKO, I-KEDS KUNYE NE-AIDS YOKWENZIWA KWEZIGULI? TYELELA IBHODWE KASPENCER KWIMBONISO KAXAKEKA

“E” Ezinye iintsingiselo

Unobumba E ekupheleni konobumba abandulelayo (ABCDE) unokuba sisikhumbuzo:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): ukubeka iliso kwisigulane.
• Okusingqongileyo: Kuphela ngeli xesha apho umhlanguli anokuthi akhathazeke malunga neziganeko ezincinci zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokubanda okanye imvula.
• Escaping Air: Qwalasela amanxeba esifuba athe agqobhoza imiphunga kwaye anokukhokelela ekuweni kwemiphunga.

“F” Iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo

Unobumba u-F ekupheleni konobumba abandulelayo (ABCDEF) unokuthetha:

I-Fetus (kumazwe athetha IsiNgesi i-fundus): ukuba isigulane sisetyhini, kuyimfuneko ukuqiniseka ukuba ukhulelwe na okanye hayi, kwaye ukuba kunjalo ngeyiphi inyanga yokukhulelwa.

Intsapho (eFransi): abahlanguli kufuneka bakhumbule ukuncedisa amalungu entsapho kangangoko kunokwenzeka, njengoko banokunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo lwezempilo kukhathalelo olulandelayo, njengokunika ingxelo ye-allergies okanye unyango oluqhubekayo.

Ulwelo: khangela ukulahleka kolwelo (igazi, ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, njl.).

Amanyathelo okugqibela: qhagamshelana neziko eliza kufumana isigulane esibaluleke kakhulu.

“G” Iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo

Unobumba G ekupheleni konobumba abandulelayo (ABCDEFG) unokuthetha:

Iswekile yegazi: ikhumbuza oogqirha nabongikazi ukuba bajonge amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

Hamba ngokukhawuleza! (Hamba ngokukhawuleza!): ngeli xesha isigulane kufuneka sihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindawo yokunyamekela (Igumbi loncedo olukhawulezayo okanye DEA).

H kunye nam Iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo

H kunye nam ekupheleni koku ngasentla (ABCDEFGHI) kunokuthetha

IHypothermia: Ukuthintela iqabaka yesigulana ngokusebenzisa ingubo ye-isothermal.

Ukhathalelo olunzulu emva kokuvuselelwa: ukubonelela ngononophelo olunzulu emva kokuvuselela ukuncedisa isigulane esinzima.

lunee

AcBC…: incinci c ngokukhawuleza emva kwesigaba somoya sisikhumbuzo sokunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumqolo.

DR ABC… okanye SR ABC…: D, S kunye no-R ekuqaleni khumbuza

Ingozi okanye uKhuseleko: umhlanguli akufuneki abeke yena okanye abanye engozini, kwaye kusenokufuneka alumkise iinkonzo zohlangulo ezikhethekileyo (abacimi bomlilo, ukuhlangula entabeni).

Impendulo: qala ujonge imeko yesigulane ngokubiza ngokuvakalayo.

DRs ABC…: xa ungekho zingqondweni khwaza ucele uncedo.

Funda kwakhona:

Ubomi obuNgxamisekileyo ngakumbi…Bukhoma: Khuphela i-App eNtsha yaSimahla kwiphephandaba lakho le-IOS kunye ne-Android

Yintoni emayibe kwiKhithi yoNcedo lokuQala lwabantwana

Ngaba iSikhundla sokuBuyisa kuNcedo lokuQala siyasebenza ngokwenene?

Ngaba ukufaka isicelo okanye ukususa iKhola yesibeleko kuyingozi?

I-Spinal Immobilisation, iiKhola zeSibeleko kunye nokukhutshwa kwiiMoto: Ubungozi obungaphezulu kunokulunga. Lixesha Lotshintsho

IiKhola zeCervical : I-1-Piece Okanye i-2-Piece Isixhobo?

Umngeni woHlangulo lweHlabathi, umngeni wokuXhobisa kuMaqela. Iibhodi zoMnqonqo ezisindisa ubomi kunye neeKhola zeCervical

Umahluko phakathi kwebhaluni ye-AMBU kunye neNgxaki yokuphefumla yeBhola: Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwizixhobo ezimbini eziBalulekileyo.

I-Cervical Collar kwi-Trauma izigulane kwi-Emergency Medicine: nini ukuyisebenzisa, kutheni ibalulekile

Isixhobo se-KED Sokukhutshelwa kweTrauma: Yintoni na kunye nendlela yokusisebenzisa

umthombo:

I-Medicina kwi-Intanethi