I-ABC ye-CPR/BLS: I-Airway Breathing Circulation

By UCristiano Antonino Kugcine ukubuyekezwa Apr 6, 2023

I-ABC in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Basic Life Support iqinisekisa ukuthi isisulu sithola i-CPR yekhwalithi ephezulu ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iyini i-ABC ku-CPR: I-ABC izifinyezo ze-Airway, Breathing, kanye ne-Circulation

Isho ukulandelana kwezehlakalo ku Ukusekelwa kokuSisekelo koMpilo.

I-Airway: Vula indlela yomoya yesisulu usebenzisa i-head-tilt chin-lift noma i-jaw thrust maneuver
Ukuphefumula: Nikeza ukuphefumula kokuhlenga
Ukujikeleza: Yenza ukucindezelwa kwesifuba ukuze ubuyisele ukujikeleza kwegazi

I-Airway and Breathing izohlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kokuqala kokuthi isisulu sizoyidinga yini i-CPR noma cha.

Ukwesekwa kwempilo okuyisisekelo kubhekisela osizweni ochwepheshe abaphendula kuqala abalunikeza izisulu ezinomzila womoya ovimbekile, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Lawa makhono adinga ulwazi lwe-CPR (i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation), i-AED (okuzenzakalelayo i-defibrillator) amakhono, nolwazi lokukhulula ukuvinjwa kwendlela yokuphefumula.

Sivame ukuzwa ngalezi zifinyezo zezokwelapha.

Kodwa kuthiwani nge-ABC (Airway Breathing Circulation)? Kusho ukuthini, futhi kuhlobene kanjani nencazelo yesitifiketi se-CPR kanye ne-BLS?

Izitoreji Eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo zihlanganisa ikhanda elilula, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki, ukuphefumula kanzima, nobunzima bokuphefumula.
Abatakuli kufanele basebenzise umoya ophuma emlonyeni uye emlonyeni, isikhwama se-mask ventilation, noma i-mouth-to-mask ventilation kuze kube yilapho sekukhona indlela yomoya ethuthukisiwe.
Izinga lokuphefumula elivamile kubantu abadala abanempilo enephethini evamile nokujula kuphakathi kokuphefumula okungu-12 kuya kwangu-20 ngomzuzu.
Izinga elilungile lokuminyanisa isifuba kubantu abadala ukuminyaniswa okungu-100 kuya ku-120 ngomzuzu.
Qinisekisa ukuthi isifuba siyakhuphuka futhi siwe ngokuphefumula ngakunye.
The Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo ngoba ukuvinjelwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokuvinjelwa.
Ukuze uvinjwe kakhulu, sebenzisa ukusunduza kwesisu, okungaziwa ngokuthi yi-Heimlich maneuver.

I-ABC, Iyini i-Airway Breathing Circulation?

The ABC izifinyezo ze-Airway, Breathing, ne-Compressions.

Kubhekiselwa ezinyathelweni ze-CPR ngokulandelana kwazo.

Inqubo ye-ABC iqinisekisa ukuthi isisulu sithola i-CPR efanele ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Airway and Breathing izophinde inikeze ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuthi isisulu sizoyidinga i-CPR noma cha.

Ucwaningo olutholwe yi-American Heart Association lukhombisa ukuthi ukuqala ukucindezelwa kwesifuba kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa amathuba esisulu okusinda. Abaphendulayo akufanele bathathe ngaphezu kwemizuzwana eyi-10 ukuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Noma yikuphi lapho kungabaza khona, ababukele kufanele baqale i-CPR.

Kuncane ingozi engenzeka uma isisulu singayidingi i-CPR.

Izinqubo zangaphambilini ze-CPR zelulekwa ngokulalela nomuzwa wokuphefumula, okungase kuthathe isikhathi esiningi kochwepheshe abangebona abezokwelapha.

Uma isisulu singaphenduli, sihefuzela, noma singenawo ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kungcono kakhulu ukuqalisa i-CPR ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Airway

U-A ngeyeAirway Management.

Abatakuli kufanele basebenzise umoya ophuma emlonyeni uye emlonyeni, isikhwama se-mask ventilation, noma i-mouth-to-mask ventilation kuze kube yilapho sekukhona indlela yomoya ethuthukisiwe.

Kubantu abadala, ukucindezelwa kwesifuba kwe-30 ngakunye kufanele kulandelwe ukuphefumula okubili kokuhlenga (30: 2), kuyilapho ezinsaneni, ukucindezela kwesifuba kwe-15 kushintshana nokuphefumula okubili kokuhlenga (15: 2).

Ukuphefumula kokuhlenga emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni

Isikhwama sesikhwama noma imaski kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibekwe kuqala lapho kufakwa umoya ophuma emlonyeni uye emlonyeni njengoba yehlisa izingozi zokudlulisela izifo.

Ukungenisa komoya emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni kunikeza umoya-mpilo ongu-17% ovame ukuxoshwa ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okuvamile.

Leli zinga le-oxygen lanele ukugcina isisulu siphila futhi sigcine imisebenzi evamile yomzimba.

Lapho unikeza umoya, gwema ukukwenza ngokushesha okukhulu noma ukuphoqelela umoya kakhulu emgudwini womoya njengoba kungase kubangele izinkinga eziningi uma umoya uya esiswini somuntu ohlukunyeziwe.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula kwandulela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukwazi ukubona izimpawu zokuboshwa kokuphefumula, kungenzeka ukuthi uvimbele ukuvela kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Nomaphi lapho isisulu sishaya khona kodwa kungabikho zimpawu zokuphefumula, qala ukuphefumula ngokushesha.

Ukuphefumula

I-B ku-ABC ingeyokuhlola ukuphefumula.

Kuye ngezinga lekhono lomhlengi, lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinyathelo ezinjengokuhlola izinga lokuphefumula elivamile ngokusebenzisa imisipha yokuphefumula, ukuphefumula kwesisu, indawo yesiguli, ukujuluka, noma i-cyanosis.

Izinga lokuphefumula elivamile kubantu abadala abanempilo enephethini evamile nokujula kuphakathi kokuphefumula okungu-12 kuya kwangu-20 ngomzuzu.

I-ABC, Yenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlenga Ukuphefumula?

Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, tshekisa ikhanda lesisulu emuva kancane bese uvula indlela yokuphefumula.

Kubantu abadala, cindezela ikhala futhi uphefumule emlonyeni ngokuphefumula okungu-10 kuye kwayi-12 ngomzuzu.

Ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, vala umlomo nekhala ngomlomo wakho bese uphefumula ngokuphefumula okungu-12 kuya kwangu-20 ngomzuzu.

Ukuphefumula ngakunye kufanele kuhlale okungenani umzuzwana owodwa, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isifuba siyakhuphuka futhi siwe ngokuphefumula ngakunye.

Uma isisulu singaphaphami, qala i-CPR ngokushesha.

Ukujikeleza noma Ukucindezela

U-C owe-Cicrulation/Compression.

Uma isisulu siqulekile futhi singaphefumuli ngokujwayelekile phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10, kufanele ucindezele isifuba noma i-CPR ngokushesha ukuze usindise impilo kunoma yisiphi isimo esiphuthumayo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, izinga lokucindezelwa elilungile ukucindezelwa okungu-100 kuya ku-120 ngomzuzu.

Ithuba Lokusinda

Ukuqaliswa kusenesikhathi kokusekelwa kwempilo okuyisisekelo kuthuthukisa amathuba okusinda kwezisulu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Isisulu singase sidindilize futhi siwe siqulekile.

Nokho, ngaphambi kwalokhu, bangase babe nekhanda elilula, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki, ukuphefumula kanzima, nokuphefumula kanzima.

Ukuphatha okusheshayo kwe-CPR kunikeza amathuba angcono okusinda.

Inqubo ye-CPR iyahluka kuye ngeminyaka.

Ukujula kokucindezelwa kwesifuba kwezinsana, izingane, nabantu abadala kuyahlukahluka.

I-CPR yekhwalithi ephezulu ibalulekile ekusindeni kwesisulu.

I-Automated Defibrillator (AED)

I-automated defibrillator (AED) kubalulekile ekuvuseleleni inhliziyo kuzisulu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifinyeleleke ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi.

I-AED kufanele isetshenziswe ngokushesha lapho isitholakala.

Ukusetshenziswa kusenesikhathi kwe-AED kuthuthukisa umphumela.

Umshini uthola bese weluleka ukuthi ukushaqeka kuyadingeka yini kulelo cala elithile.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo yi-ventricular defibrillation.

Isimo siyalungiseka ngokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi enhliziyweni yesisulu ngodonga lwesifuba.

Ngeqembu labatakuli, njengoba umuntu oyedwa enza ukucindezelwa kwesifuba, omunye kufanele alungiselele i-defibrillator.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AED kudinga ukuqeqeshwa.

Okwenza idivayisi ibe lula nakakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ukuthi i-automatic.

Izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho usebenzisa i-AED:

Amaphedi akufanele athinte noma athintane.
I-AED akufanele isetshenziswe emanzini.
Letha isisulu endaweni eyomile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isifuba somile.
Ungasebenzisi utshwala ukwesula isisulu njengoba buyavutha.
Gwema ukuthinta isisulu ngenkathi i-AED inamathiselwe.
Ukunyakaza kuthinta ukuhlaziywa kwe-AED. Ngakho-ke, akufanele isetshenziswe ezimotweni ezihambayo.
Ungayisebenzisi i-AED ngenkathi isisulu silele ku-conductor njengendawo yensimbi.
Gwema ukusebenzisa i-AED kusisulu esinesichibi se-nitroglycerine.
Ngenkathi usebenzisa i-AED, gwema ukusebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini endaweni engamafidi angu-6 ngoba kungase kuthinte ukunemba kokuhlaziya.

Ukuchofoza

Ukuklinywa kuvela endleleni yokuphefumula evimbekile futhi kungase kuholele ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.

Ukwelashwa kokuvinjwa kuyehluka kuye ngezinga lokuvinjwa.

Kungaba ukuvinjelwa okukhulu noma okuncane.

Usizo lokuqala lokuvimbela luyafana ezinganeni ezindala kunonyaka nakubantu abadala.

Ukuze kube nokuphazamiseka okuncane, isisulu singase sibe nezimpawu zokukhwehlela, hhayi ukuphefumula, noma ukuhefuzela.

Kulokhu, umhlengi kufanele akhuthaze isisulu ukuba sikhwehlele futhi simthulise.

Uma ukuvinjelwa kuqhubeka, shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.

Ngokuvinjelwa okukhulu, isisulu sinezimpawu ezilandelayo: ukubamba i- intamo, ukuphefumula okuncane noma ukungaphefumuli, ukukhwehlela okuncane noma ukungakhwehleli nhlobo, nokungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukukhipha umsindo.

Kwezinye izimo, isisulu singase senze umsindo ophakeme.

Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa umbala oluhlaza ezindebeni nasezintweni zeminwe (cyanotic).

Ezimweni zokuvinjwa okukhulu, sebenzisa ukusunduza kwesisu, okunye okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Heimlich maneuver (zombili izingane ezinonyaka owodwa nangaphezulu kanye nabantu abadala).

Indlela yokwenza i-Heimlich Maneuver?

Yima ngemuva kwesisulu, bese usisonga ngezingalo ngaphansi nje kwezimbambo.
Ngaphandle kokucindezela i-sternum engezansi, beka uhlangothi lwesibhakela sakho phakathi nesisu sesisulu ngaphezu nje kwenkaba.
Bamba isibhakela ngesinye isandla usiphushele esiswini ukhuphuke usibhekise esifubeni.
Qhubeka wenze ama-thrush kuze kube yilapho isisulu sesikhululekile noma siyaphaphama. Uma ubona into ebangela ukuphazamiseka, sebenzisa iminwe yakho ukuze uyisuse.
Uma ungakwazi ukususa into noma isisulu singasabeli, qala i-CPR futhi uqhubeke kuze kufike usizo olukhethekile.
Izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka ubudala azizami i-blind finger swift.
Shayela usizo olukhethekile (Inombolo Yesimo Esiphuthumayo).
Sebenzisa amagalelo angemuva noma ukusunduza isifuba ukuze usule lokho okuvimbile.
Uma usana luwa luqulekile, qala inqubo yokusekela impilo eyisisekelo.