Cristiano Antonino 4865 posts

Edema is caused by an accumulation of liquids of various kinds in the interstices of the tissues and in the intercellular spaces

CPR and rescue breathing are techniques helpful in saving the lives of persons experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. These two are the basic first aid skills learned during CPR training

Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects women of childbearing age. When you are affected by endometrial disease, the cells of the endometrium (the innermost layer of the uterus) do not grow in their normal location, but come out of…

A herniated disc consists of the rupture of the fibrous ring of the intervertebral discs, resulting in the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus contained within them and consisting of gelatinous material

Knee bursitis is a common medical condition that causes inflammation of the synovial bursa of the knee, a small sac of synovial fluid that is located between the patellar tendon and the subcutis of the front of the knee, or between the…

Entropion is an eye disease in which the edge of the eyelid is turned inwards and thus the eyelashes and skin rub against the surface of the eye

Supraventricular extrasystole is a cardiac arrhythmia. This pathology is characterised by cardiac contraction impulses appearing prematurely and in a different location than the atrial sinus node

Widespread especially among children, nocturnal enuresis is the involuntary loss of urine during sleep (so much so that most people know it as 'bedwetting')

Epitrocleitis, golfer's elbow: what is it? The tendon complex that connects the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the anterior muscles of the forearm becomes inflamed due to the frequent repetition of a certain movement

Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, HAV. It is a very contagious disease that develops when a person unwittingly comes into contact with the pathogen, in most cases by eating contaminated food or drink

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, MICI or Inflammatory Bowel Disease) that can cause symptoms of varying severity

The first aid kit contains a range of medical supplies and other equipment used to administer first aid to an injured person during an emergency situation

Burn shock is defined as non-haemorrhagic hypovolaemic shock (shock from decreased circulating blood volume NOT caused by haemorrhage) that occurs when the patient is subjected to a large area of the body being burned

Gambling addiction ('gambling') is placed in the Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in the area of pathological addictions

Tattoos and piercings are now widespread, and appreciated. But you need to be aware of the difference between a professional tattoo artist and one who "tries"

Escherichia coli in urine: under normal conditions, urine contains no bacteria. In certain situations, however, it may become colonised by pathogenic microorganisms

Exophthalmos refers to a protrusion of the eyeball, which exits the orbits beyond the eyelid rima. It is also known by the term proptosis or the more common expression 'eyes out', although exophthalmos is usually associated with…

The hearts of men and women: heart attack occurs most often due to coronary artery disease. It is a serious life-threatening emergency caused by an interruption of blood flow to the heart muscle

Hiatal hernia is a protrusion of the stomach through a hole in the diaphragm, called the oesophageal hiatus. Through the latter, a portion of the stomach passes into the chest

A stroke is a medical emergency requiring urgent treatment. Although life-threatening, early action can reduce brain damage and other complications

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 350 million people worldwide live with chronic hepatitis type B or C

Hypothermia is a dangerous medical emergency involving low body heat. It is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures

Training of aid workers: the Russian Red Cross (RKK) will for the first time conduct an IMPACT training course in Russia to prepare employees and volunteers for international humanitarian missions of various kinds

In order to preserve the lives of Kherson residents, who are under constant shelling, the Red Cross Society of Ukraine, with the assistance of the Ministry of Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine, will set up 10…

Aortobifemoral bypass is a form of vascular bypass surgery that surgeons perform in the abdomen

Sore throats are not all the same and can differ in both symptoms and causes. Although they are often linked to seasonal maladies, in reality the causes and treatment can be profoundly different

The procedure to remove the appendix has involved almost everyone in the past: today appendectomy is a procedure of choice in only a few cases

Let's talk about hemianopsia: vision disturbances can be different, temporary or linked to pathologies and in some cases disabling, but only some seriously compromise vision

The name Escherichia coli indicates a group of Gram-negative bacteria normally present in the intestines of healthy people

Across Russia, from Sochi to Vladivostok, today is Ambulance Worker's Day Why is 28 April Ambulance Worker's Day in Russia? This celebration has had two phases, a very long unofficial one: On 28 April 1898, the first organised ambulance…

Phlebitis is a disorder characterised by an inflammation of the walls of blood vessels, particularly veins, the outcome of which is often a thrombus that prevents proper blood circulation

Migraine is the best known and most common form of headache, after tension headache. Let's see what it is in detail and how to deal with it effectively

The concept of behavioural addictions is a new concept in psychiatry. Indeed, it was in 2013, with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) that the term 'pathological behavioural addictions'…

Hepatitis D is an inflammation of the liver caused by the infection of two viruses, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis D virus (HDV)

The term hemorrhoids commonly indicates a prolapse of the three cushions located in the anal canal, accompanied by venous congestion

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection may be the cause of myocardial infarction, but it is also the origin of other heart diseases

Seborrheic dermatitis is a dermatological disorder resulting from a malfunction of the sebaceous glands and an incompetence of the immune system

The new national guidelines for triage in emergency rooms are coming into force in the various Italian regions, and these days this has happened in Lombardy

Hypercapnia' in medicine refers to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. As a result of this increase, a change in the acid-base balance of the blood can occur, whereby the blood tends to become more acidic

An increasingly common disease today: formerly known as Crohn's disease, Crohn's disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

The Rule of Nine, also known as Wallace's Rule of Nine, is a tool used in trauma and emergency medicine to assess the total body surface area (TBSA) involved in burn patients

When we speak of snapping fingers, we are referring to a condition that leads to inflammation of the flexor tendons of the hand. This disease can make very simple movements, such as bending the fingers, difficult. The pain can lead to…

Screening mammography is a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early – before women experience symptoms – when it is most treatable

An inguinal hernia is a bulging of the contents of the abdomen through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cardiac anomaly that refers to a combination of four related heart defects that commonly occur together

Phyto-cannabinoids (hashish, marijuana) are widespread cannabis addiction is now extremely common

Retinography and retinal fluorangiography are two particularly important tests for detecting vascular causes of eye diseases

The term 'hypoxaemia' refers to an abnormal decrease in oxygen content in the blood, caused by an alteration in gas exchanges occurring in the pulmonary alveoli

Sick building syndrome' refers to a group of conditions caused by exposure to various noxious agents that generally affects people working in offices or other buildings housing many close workers

Let's talk about dysmenorrhoea: every woman of childbearing age has experienced an episode of painful menstruation at least once in her life

Dyspepsia: What It Is, Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux: Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment Functional Dyspepsia: Symptoms, Tests And Treatment Straight Leg Raise: The New Manoeuvre To Diagnose…

Colour blindness - or dyschromatopsia - is a condition that leads the sufferer to develop a permanent inability to recognise and perceive colours

The term Dermatosis generically refers to a pathology of the integumentary system including skin, nails and hair

Aortic valve surgery is performed by cardiac surgeons to treat bicuspid valve, other congenital aortic valve disorders, aortic valve stenosis, and aortic valve regurgitation

Haemogasanalysis, often abbreviated to 'haemogas', is a diagnostic blood test that consists of measuring the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood and the pH of the blood

People with cystic acne develop pus-filled acne cysts (pimples) deep under the skin. The acne cysts are often painful and can be large

Exposure to gases and other chemical irritants may be acute or chronic. The resulting illness varies depending on the type of exposure as well as on the specific irritant

We talk about the atrioventricular canal: venous blood from the systemic circulation reaches the heart via the venae cavae that flow into the right atrium

Addiction to hallucinogens (LSD) seems to be a relic of the past, in reality it is one of the addictions a rescuer has to deal with on his or her ambulance shift and in the emergency room

Pinguecula and pterygium are excrescences of the conjunctiva, the transparent lining of the sclera, or white part of the eye

Anxiety is a form of mental health condition. It draws feelings of fear, anxiety, and worry that affect the person’s ability to lead a healthy life

The finding of worms in the faeces is a rather revolting, but certainly not uncommon occurrence. In fact, it is estimated that helminths (as these parasites are scientifically called) infect about three billion people worldwide

Oxygen saturation (more correctly 'arterial haemoglobin saturation') in medicine refers to the saturation of haemoglobin in arterial blood

To fully understand the differences between type 1 and type 2 respiratory failure, we must first start with some simple basics of human physiology

Chest trauma is one of the most frequent first aid and ambulance crew medical intervention situations: it must be known accurately, therefore

Cardiac tamponade is a collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart that interferes with its pumping functions

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by an elevated blood glucose level, a condition known as 'hyperglycaemia' that appears as a result of a defect in the production or function of insulin normally secreted by the pancreas

Rebound effect: when is it linked to psychotropic drugs? The 'rebound effect' is a phenomenon that occurs after an abrupt withdrawal of a psychopharmaceutical drug and leads to significant negative consequences, including the return and…

An antimicrobial is, by definition, a natural or synthetic substance that kills microorganisms (microbes) or inhibits their growth

When one speaks of neck pain, one refers to a nagging pain at the cervical vertebrae, i.e. the seven short bones that make up the section of the spinal column closest to the head

Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin. Considered one of the most common skin diseases today, there are different types and different symptoms

Aorta surgery treats problems with the largest artery in your body. Surgery can repair a stretched aorta that is in danger of rupturing

We speak of Diplopia to indicate the perception by a subject of 2 images of a single object. It can affect only one eye or both and can be transient or permanent

Byssinosis is a lung disease characterized by bronchoconstriction, affecting cotton, flax and hemp workers

Anxiolytics are among the most common drugs for the ambulance crew: they are often among the prescriptions of the patient's attending physician

Alcoholism (or alcohol dependency) is certainly one of the situations that an ambulance crew has to deal with most frequently

Let's talk about asthmatic syndromes: in the case of bronchial asthma, alongside pharmacological therapies, the patient should follow some dietary and behavioral rules that reduce the risk of an asthmatic attack

Let's talk about trichodynia: any type of hair loss can be physically and mentally difficult to experience, however, there are some types of hair loss that are accompanied by other conditions or syndromes, such as trichodynia

The disorder known as 'hammertoe' affects indiscriminately the extremities of the lower or upper limbs and consists of a deformity of the fingers that take on a bent, curved, 'Z'-shaped appearance near the terminal interphalangeal joint

Let's talk about the Bristol Scale: the waste produced indicates a lot about the health of a living organism

Hip pain can be a fairly common finding, which can result from a variety of causes. It can occur as a result of trauma or chronic injury, such as fractures, which are very common among the elderly, especially among those who suffer from…

With "pulmonic valve insufficiency" or "pulmonary insufficiency" (hence the acronym "IP") in cardiology we mean incontinence of the pulmonary valve, i.e. the heart valve that allows the passage of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle…

If you intervene in an emergency, it is essential to know how to classify a burn, and to know how to communicate the severity. You also need to know their differences, depending on the degree

Hygiene is an integral part of rescue and patient care, as is the safety of the patient and the rescuer

Vitreous detachment is the most common modification of the vitreous body, the clear, transparent gel that fills the eyeball normally attached to the retina, which occurs with senescence

The law of the Good Samaritan exists in practically every Western country and in many Asian countries, with different declinations and peculiarities

If a child is in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, you should initiate CPR and ask lay rescuers to call the emergency services and obtain an automated external defibrillator to increase the chances of survival

Aging can be the cause of various health-related ailments, more or less serious. Among these is macular degeneration, a pathology linked to the eyes which, however, can also involve younger people

Cardiomyopathies are pathologies that affect the heart muscle and reduce the capacity of the heart which is no longer able to satisfy its blood pumping properties to the whole body

When we talk about discopathy we refer to the degeneration of one or more rings or intervertebral discs, located between the vertebrae in the spinal column

Foot or ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries among sportsmen

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a group of diffuse interstitial granulomatous diseases of the lung, caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled organic dust or, less frequently, simple chemicals, which often occurs in the workplace

We are talking about hypertension, more commonly known as high blood pressure: blood pressure is the pressure of the blood that pushes against the walls of the arteries

Respiratory insufficiency, in its various types, is a condition that those who work in an emergency must know very well

A burn is an injury to the integumentary tissues (skin and skin appendages) which can be caused by the action of:

Chest pain - also referred to as pain in the chest - is a very common condition and can be a symptom of a number of more or less serious diseases

Antiepileptic drugs (anticonvulsants) help treat epilepsy and other causes of seizures. They can treat other conditions as well, such as anxiety and neuropathic pain

Joint pain is also clinically referred to as arthralgia and refers to any form of pain affecting the joints and surrounding tissues

After the bicuspid aortic valve, the interventricular defect is the second best known and most widespread congenital heart disease in the world

Conjunctivitis is the most common eye inflammation, and the main reason why you go to the ophthalmologist. In fact, it affects the tissue most exposed to external agents, the external mucous layer that covers the sclera of the eye