Kugwedezeka kumatanthauza zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana m'dziko lachipatala. Kupatulapo kugwedezeka kwamagetsi (komwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsanso mtima) komanso mawu otanthauza kukhumudwa kwambiri (mofanana ndi vuto la post traumatic stress disorder), kugwedezeka kumatanthauzanso mkhalidwe womwe thupi limalephera kupeza mpweya wokwanira ndi michere ku ziwalo zofunika. ndi machitidwe

Shock, matenda okhudzana ndi kutuluka kwa magazi okwanira, amatenga mitundu yambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana siyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mantha omwe wodwala akukumana nawo.

Pali magulu anayi akuluakulu a mantha: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, ndi obstructive.1

Chilichonse mwamagulu osiyanasiyana chimakhala ndi zifukwa zingapo, ndipo chilichonse mwazomwe zimayambitsa chimabwera ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

zizindikiro

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha kugwedezeka kulikonse - makamaka pamapeto pake - ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.2

Pamene mantha osachiritsika akuwonjezereka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika. Pamapeto pake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika kwambiri kuti munthu apitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo (otchedwa hemodynamic instability) ndipo kugwedezeka kumapha.

Malingana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, zingatenge nthawi yaitali kapena zingakhale zachangu kwambiri.

Ngakhale kutsika kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro chokhacho chomwe chimakhala kumapeto kwa gulu lililonse la mantha, magulu ena a mantha ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa ena.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zawo ndizofala kwambiri. Nawa magulu a mantha motsatana pafupipafupi, ndi zizindikiro zawo zodziwika.

Hypovolemic Shock

Kusakhala ndi madzi okwanira kapena kuchuluka kwa magazi (hypovolemia), ndiye mtundu wamba wodziwika kwambiri.

Zitha kuchokera ku magazi (omwe amadziwikanso kuti hemorrhagic shock) kapena kutayika kwamadzi ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi.

Pamene thupi likuyesera kubwezera kutaya kwa magazi kapena madzimadzi ndikuyesa kukweza magazi, zizindikiro izi zimachitika:

• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (kugunda kwachangu)
• Kupuma mofulumira
• Anawopsezedwa kwambiri
• Wotumbululuka, khungu lozizira
• Kutuluka thukuta (diaphoresis)

Pamene mantha a hypovolemic akuwonjezereka, wodwalayo amakhala wofooka, wosokonezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake amakomoka.

Ngati magazi akunja ndi omwe amachititsa, padzakhala magazi. Ngati kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba ndizomwe zimayambitsa, wodwalayo akhoza kusanza magazi kapena kutsekula m'mimba.

Ngati kwatentha kapena wodwala wakhala akulimbikira, ganizirani za kutaya madzi m'thupi.

Distributive Shock

Ili ndiye gulu lovuta kwambiri lomvetsa chisoni, koma ndilofala kwambiri.

Mitsempha ya m'thupi ikakhala yosasunthika ndipo sichitha kukhazikika bwino, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuwongolera ndipo kumagwa.

Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azinjenjemera kwambiri ndi kusamvana kwakukulu (anaphylaxis) ndi matenda oopsa (sepsis).

Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa chake.

Zizindikiro za anaphylaxis ndi izi: 3

• Mikoko
• Kuyabwa
• Kutupa, makamaka kumaso
• Kuvutika kupuma
• Kufiira kwa khungu
• Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwamsanga

Zizindikiro za sepsis ndi: 4

• Fever (osati nthawi zonse)
• Khungu, khungu lofiira
• pakamwa youma
• Khungu losasunthika bwino (turgor), kutanthauza kuti ngati mutsina khungu limakhala lopindika ndikubwerera pang'onopang'ono kubwerera mwakale, ngati kuli kotheka.

Sepsis nthawi zambiri imakhala yophatikizana komanso kugwedezeka kwa hypovolemic chifukwa odwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda madzi.

Kugwedezeka kwa Neurogenic (kuchokera kusweka Msana chingwe ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa spinal shock) ndi chifukwa chosowa chochititsa mantha, koma chimakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana kwambiri: 5

• Kutsika kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro choyambirira (mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mantha)
• Kugunda kwa mtima wamba (kutha kukwezedwa, koma ndi mtundu wa kugwedezeka komwe kumakhala kofananako)
• "Mzere" pathupi pomwe khungu limakhala lotumbululuka ndi lofiira pansi

Kugwedezeka kwa Neurogenic kumabwera pambuyo pa zoopsa zina, monga kugwa kapena ngozi ya galimoto.

Cargiogenic Shock

Mtima ukamavutika kupopa magazi mokwanira, umadziwika kuti cardiogenic shock.

Zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa infarction ya myocardial (kugunda kwa mtima), kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa valve ya mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, matenda amtima, ndi kuvulala kwamtima.1

Zizindikiro za cardiogenic shock ndi:

• Kugunda kofooka komanso kosakhazikika nthawi zambiri
• Nthawi zina kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono kwambiri
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kutsokomola kumatulutsa sputum, zoyera kapena nthawi zina zapinki
• Kutupa m'mapazi ndi akakolo

Cardiogenic shock imatha kutsagana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima.

Obstructive Shock

Mwina gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mantha (neurogenic ndi mtundu wocheperako), kugwedezeka kotsekereza kumabwera kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimakanikizira mitsempha yamagazi mkati mwa thupi.

Chomwe chimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kupsinjika kwa pneumothorax (kugwa kwa mapapo).

• Kutsika kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika mwachangu, koma thupi limakhala likuyesera kubweza (mosiyana ndi kugwedezeka kwa neurogenic)
• Kugunda kwachangu
• Phokoso losafanana la mpweya (ngati limayambitsidwa ndi pneumothorax)
• Kuvutika kupuma

Kupatula kupsinjika kwa pneumothorax, china chomwe chimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwambiri ndi mtima wa tampenade, matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha magazi otsekeredwa m'thumba mozungulira pamtima, kuukanikiza ndikuuletsa kupopa magazi mokwanira.

Nthawi Yopita Kuchipatala

Kugwedezeka ndi vuto lenileni lachipatala ndipo liyenera kuthandizidwa mwamsanga pamene likudziwika. Ngati mukukayikira kuti mwagwedezeka, imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ndikupita kuchipatala.2

Malingana ngati thupi likukwanitsa kukweza kuthamanga kwa magazi, azachipatala amaona kuti kubwezeredwa kubwezera.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsika, ngakhale zitachitika msanga, monga kugwedezeka kwa mitsempha kapena kutsekeka, achipatala amatcha kuti kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono.

Ngati kugwedezeka kwa decompensated sikunathandizidwa, kumakhala ndi mwayi wopha.

Zothandizira:

Kuwerenga Kwambiri

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Source:

Thanzi Labwino