Elizabeth Blackwell: piyona mukurapa
Rwendo Runoshamisa rweChiremba wechikadzi wekutanga
Kutanga kweRevolution
Elizabeth Blackwell, akaberekwa musi waFebruary 3, 1821, muBristol, England, akatamira kuUnited States nemhuri yake muna 1832, ndokunogara muCincinnati, Ohio. Mushure mekufa kwababa vake muna 1838, Elizabeth nemhuri yake vakatarisana matambudziko emari, asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa Erizabheti kuronda zviroto zvake. Chisarudzo chake chokuva chiremba chakatuswa nemashoko eshamwari yake yakanga yava kufa iyo yakataura kuti yaida kurapwa nachiremba wechikadzi. Panguva iyoyo, pfungwa yechiremba wechikadzi yakanga isingafungidzike, uye Blackwell akatarisana nematambudziko akawanda uye rusarura parwendo rwake. Pasinei neizvi, akakwanisa kuwana kugamuchirwa pa Geneva Medical College muNew York mu 1847, kunyangwe kubvuma kwake pakutanga kwaionekwa sejee.
Kukunda Matambudziko
Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake, Blackwell aiwanzoita kuderedzwa nevaanodzidza navo uye vagari vomunzvimbomo. Akasangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakakura, kusanganisira kusarura kubva kumapurofesa uye kusabatanidzwa kubva kumakirasi uye marabhoritari. Zvisinei, kutsunga kwake kwakaramba kusingazununguki, uye pakupedzisira akawana ruremekedzo rwemapurofesa ake nevamwe vaaidzidza navo, akatanga kupedza kirasi yake muna 1849. Apedza chikoro, akaenderera mberi nekudzidziswa kwake muzvipatara muLondon neParis, kwaaigara achiitwa mukoti kana mabasa ekuzvara.
Nhaka Yemigumisiro
Pasinei nematambudziko ekutsvaga varwere uye kudzidzira muzvipatara nemakiriniki nekuda kwekusarura kwevanhukadzi, Blackwell haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Muna 1857, akatanga New York Infirmary yevakadzi nevana nehanzvadzi yake Emily uye shamwari Marie Zakrzewska. Chipatara ichi chaive nemabasa maviri: kupa rubatsiro rwekurapa kuvakadzi varombo nevana uye kupa mikana yehunyanzvi kuna vanachiremba vechikadzi. Munguva ye Hondo Yenyika yeAmerica, hanzvadzi dzaBlackwell dzakadzidzisa vanamukoti vezvipatara zveMubatanidzwa. Muna 1868, Elizabeth akavhura koreji yezvokurapa yevakadzi muNew York City, uye mukati 1875, akava a purofesa wegynecology patsva London Chikoro cheMishonga chevakadzi.
Piyona uye Kurudziro
Elizabeth Blackwell haana kungokunda zvipingamupinyi zvake asi zvakare yakagadzirira nzira yezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevakadzi mune zvemishonga. Nhaka yake inopfuura basa rake rekurapa uye inosanganisira basa rake mukusimudzira dzidzo yevakadzi uye kutora chikamu mumabasa ekurapa. Zvinyorwa zvake, kusanganisira nhoroondo yehupenyu yakanzi "Basa Rokupayona Mukuvhura Basa Rezvokurapa Kuvakadzi” (1895), ufakazi hwechipo chake chekutsungirira mukusimudzirwa kwevakadzi mukurapa.
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