Kuwanikwa kwakashandura kurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga

jekiseni, chimwe chezvakanyanya kuwanikwa zvekurapa zve 20th remakore, chaimiririra kubudirira mukurwisa chirwere cheshuga. Isati yasvika, kuongororwa kwechirwere cheshuga kazhinji kwaive chirango cherufu, paine tariro shoma kune varwere. Ichi chinyorwa chinoteedza nhoroondo ye insulin, kubva pakuwanikwa kwayo kusvika kune zvechizvinozvino izvo zvinoramba zvichivandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.

Mazuva ekutanga ekutsvaga

Nyaya ye insulin inotanga nekutsvagisa kwemasayendisiti maviri echiGerman, Oskar Minkowski uye Joseph von Mering, uyo muna 1889 akawana basa repancreas muchirwere cheshuga. Kuwanikwa uku kwakatungamira mukunzwisisa kuti pancreas yaigadzira chinhu, chakazozivikanwa se insulin, chakakosha pakugadzirisa mazinga eglucose muropa. Muna 1921, Frederick Banting uye Charles Best, kushanda paYunivhesiti yeToronto, zvakabudirira kuparadzanisa insulini uye yakaratidza kuponesa kwayo hupenyu pambwa dzine chirwere cheshuga. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha chakagadzira nzira yekugadzirwa kwe insulin kuti ishandiswe nevanhu, ichishandura zvakanyanya kurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga.

Kugadzirwa uye kushanduka

Kubatana pakati peYunivhesiti yeToronto uye Eli Lilly uye Kambani yakabatsira kukurira matambudziko ane chokuita nekugadzirwa kwe insulin yakakura, zvichiita kuti ivepo kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga pakupera kwa 1922. Kufambira mberi uku kwakaratidza kutanga kwenguva itsva mukurapa chirwere cheshuga, zvichiita kuti varwere vararame hupenyu hunenge huri nyore. Kwemakore, tsvakurudzo yakaramba ichishanduka, zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwe recombinant insulin yevanhu mu1970s uye insulin analogues, zvichiwedzera kusimudzira manejimendi echirwere cheshuga.

Kune ramangwana rekurapa chirwere cheshuga

Nhasi, tsvakiridzo ye insulin inoenderera mberi, nekuvandudzwa kwe ultra-fast uye insulin yakanyanyisa kuvimbiswa inovimbisa kuwedzera kuvandudza hutungamiri hwechirwere cheshuga. Tekinoroji senge artificial pancreas, iyo inobatanidza kuenderera mberi kweglucose monitoring ne insulin pumps, iri kuva chokwadi, ichipa tariro itsva yekureruka uye inobudirira kudzora chirwere cheshuga. Kufambira mberi uku, kunotsigirwa netsvakiridzo inotsigirwa neve National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), chinangwa chekuita kuti kurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga kusaremerwe uye kuve kwakasarudzika, kusimudzira hupenyu hwevanhu vanorarama nechirwere ichi.

Sources

• https://diabetes.org
• https://it.wikipedia.org
• https://www.fda.gov
• https://www.niddk.nih.gov