Kuchinja kwepenicillin
Mushonga wakashandura nhoroondo yemishonga
Nyaya penicillin, mushonga wekutanga unorwisa mabhakitiriya, unotanga ne netsaona kuwanikwa izvo zvakagadzirira nzira yenguva itsva mukurwisana nayo zvirwere zvinotapukira. Kuwanikwa kwayo uye kusimudzira kwakazotevera inyaya dze intuition, innovation, uye kubatana kwepasirese kwakaponesa mamirioni ehupenyu pasi rese.
Kubva pakuumbwa kusvika kumushonga
In 1928, Alexander Fleming, nyanzvi yezvipembenene yokuScotland, akawana penicillin nokucherechedza kuti “mold juice” inogona kuuraya utachiona hwakasiyana-siyana hunokuvadza. Kwekutanga kushaikwa kwekufarira uye kuoma kwehunyanzvi mukuparadzanisa nekuchenesa penicillin hakuna kumisa tsvagiridzo. Kwaingova chete pamberi peHondo Yenyika II iyo Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, nechikwata chavo ku University of Oxford akashandura iyi mold yakatorwa kuva mushonga unoponesa hupenyu, kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi uye kugadzira.
Imwe fekitori yepenicillin muOxford
Kuedza kwekugadzira muOxford, kwakatangwa 1939, yaizivikanwa nekushandiswa kwemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana kurima Penicillium uye kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekugadzira yakazara mukati merabhoritari. Pasinei nemamiriro ehondo uye kushomeka kwezvishandiso, timu yakakwanisa kugadzira penicillin yakakwana kuratidza kushanda kwayo mukurapa hutachiona hwakanyanya.
Mupiro weAmerica mukugadzirwa kwepenicillin
Kuziva kukosha kwekugadzira penicillin pamwero mukuru, Florey uye Heatley ndakaenda ku nyika dzakabatana in 1941, uko kubatana ne American Pharmaceutical industry uye tsigiro yehurumende yakashandura penicillin kubva kune inonakidza murabhoritari chigadzirwa kuita mushonga unowanikwa munzvimbo zhinji. Hutsva hutsva, hwakadai sekushandiswa kwezviyo zvakadzika doro mukuvirisa, zvakanyanya kuwedzera goho repenicillin, zvichiita kuti riwanikwe pakurapa kwemauto eAllied munguva yehondo uye gare gare kune veruzhinji.
Rwendo urwu kubva pakuwanikwa kuenda kupasi rose kuparadzirwa kwepenicillin rinoratidza kukosha kwekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi uye kubatana kwenyika dzakawanda. Nyaya yepenicillin haingori yemushonga wekuchinja chete asiwo yekuti hutsva, hunosundwa nezvinodiwa uye kuzvipira, hunogona sei kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya.
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