Nhoroondo Yekutarisisa Kwekutanga Kununura Tekinoroji uye Kushanduka Kwazvo

Matangiro ekutanga ekununura muPrehistory

The nhoroondo yekununurwa kwevanhu yakatanga kare kare kusati kwatanga budiriro yemazuva ano, yakadzika midzi mukati menguva isati yaitika. Kuchera matongo mumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika kwakaratidza kuti vanhu vekare vaitova nezivo nounyanzvi hunodiwa kuti vararame mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kunyanya, iyo Peninsula yeArabia, yaimboonekwa sedongo kune yakawanda prehistory, yave inzvimbo ine simba uye yakakosha kuvanhu vekare. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa nechikwata chakabatana cheGerman neSaudi nyanzvi yakatungamira mukuwanikwa kwezvishandiso uye matekinoroji kubva kure. Makore gumi nemaviri apfuura, zvichiratidza kuti kugara kwevanhu munharaunda iyi kwakatanga kare kupfuura zvaifungwa kare.

Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vekare vaifamba nemupeninsula mumafungu akasiyana, vachiunza nhanho nyowani dzetsika dzenyama nguva imwe neimwe. Archaeological uye paleoclimatic data vanokarakadza kuti nzvimbo isinganyanyi kuoma yakawana nguva dzokuwedzera kunaya kwemvura, zvichiita kuti ive nemutsa kuvanhu vanotama-tama. Kuvepo kwezvishandiso zvematombo, zvinowanzogadzirwa kubva padombo, uye kusiyanisa kwehunyanzvi hunoshandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso izvi kunoratidza kwakasiyana siyana kwetsika kwakaitika kwemazana ezviuru zvemakore. Idzi nguva dzinosanganisira dzakasiyana siyana dzemhando dzedemo remaoko pamwe neakasiyana mafomu eMiddle Paleolithic tekinoroji yakavakirwa pamaflakes.

Chinhu chakakosha pakupona uye kununura munguva yekare kwaive kushandiswa kwemoto, uko kwakatanga kusvika makore angangoita 800,000 apfuura, sezvinoratidzwa nezvakawanikwa mu Evron Quarry in Izirayeri. Zvakawanikwa izvi, zvichitsigirwa nokuongorora maturusi ematombo ematombo ematombo pachishandiswa unyanzvi hwouchenjeri hwokugadzira, zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vekare vaishandisa moto, zvichida kubika kana kudziisa, kare zvikuru kupfuura zvaimbodavirwa. Humbowo uhu hunoratidza kuti kugona kudzora nekushandisa moto yaive nhanho yakakosha mukushanduka kwevanhu, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya mukukwanisa kwedu kurarama uye kubudirira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye kazhinji dzakaoma.

Kwakabva Kununura Kwemazuva Ano

Muna 1775, chiremba wechiDanish Peter Christian Abildgaard vakaita ongororo pamhuka, vachiwana kuti zvaiita kumutsiridza huku inoratidzika kunge isina upenyu kuburikidza nemagetsi. Ichi chaive chimwe chezvinyorwa zvekutanga zvakanyorwa zvichiratidza mukana wekumutswa. Muna 1856, chiremba wechiRungu Marshall Hall yakatsanangura nzira itsva yekugadzira mapapu emhepo, inoteverwa nekumwe kukwenenzvera nzira ne Henry Robert Silvester muna 1858. Zviitiko izvi zvakaisa hwaro hwemitoo yemazuva ano yokumutsa mweya.

Kubudirira mu19th uye 20th Century

Muzana ramakore rechi19, John D. Chikomo ye Royal Mahara Chipatara akatsanangura kushandiswa kwechifuva kudzvinyirira kubudirira kumutsidzira varwere. Muna 1877, Rudolph Boehm yakashuma kushandisa ekunze mameseji emwoyo kumutsa katsi mushure mekusungwa kwemoyo kwechloroform. Kufambira mberi uku mukumutswa kwakaguma nekutsanangurwa kwezvimwe yemazuva ano cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maitiro muzana remakore rechi20, ayo aisanganisira nzira yekufema-kune-muromo, yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya pakati pezana remakore.

Kufunga kwekupedzisira

Izvi zvakawanikwa uye zviri kuitika zvinoratidza kuti kununura nekuponesa hupenyu hwevanhu kwakadzika midzi munhoroondo yevanhu. Nzira dzekununura, kunyangwe dziri dzechinyakare mumhando dzadzo dzekutanga, dzakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakupona kwevanhu nekushanduka-shanduka.