Elizabeth Blackwell: mpainiya wa zamankhwala
Ulendo Wodabwitsa wa Dokotala Woyamba Wachikazi
Chiyambi cha Kusintha
Elizabeth Blackwell, yemwe anabadwa pa February 3, 1821, ku Bristol, ku England, anasamukira ku United States ndi banja lake mu 1832, n’kukakhala ku Cincinnati, Ohio. Bambo ake atamwalira mu 1838, Elizabeth ndi banja lake anakumana mavuto azachuma, koma zimenezi sizinalepheretse Elizabeti kukwaniritsa maloto ake. Chosankha chake chofuna kukhala dokotala chinalimbikitsidwa ndi mawu a bwenzi lake lomwe linali pafupi kufa amene ananena kuti akufuna kuti athandizidwe ndi dokotala wachikazi. Panthawiyo, lingaliro la dokotala wamkazi linali losatheka, ndipo Blackwell anakumana ndi zovuta zambiri ndi tsankho paulendo wake. Ngakhale izi, adakwanitsa kuvomerezedwa Geneva Medical College ku New York ku 1847, ngakhale kuvomereza kwake poyamba kunkawoneka ngati nthabwala.
Mavuto Ogonjetsa
Pa maphunziro ake, Blackwell nthawi zambiri anali osiyidwa ndi anzake a m’kalasi ndi anthu a m’deralo. Anakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu, kuphatikizapo tsankho kuchokera kwa maprofesa ndi kuchotsedwa m'makalasi ndi ma laboratories. Komabe, kutsimikiza mtima kwake sikunagwedezeke, ndipo pamapeto pake adalemekezedwa ndi maprofesa ake ndi ophunzira anzake. anamaliza maphunziro ake koyamba mu 1849. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, anapitiriza maphunziro ake m’zipatala za ku London ndi ku Paris, kumene nthaŵi zambiri ankapatsidwa ntchito za unamwino kapena zoberekera.
Cholowa cha Zotsatira
Ngakhale kuti panali zovuta kupeza odwala komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'zipatala ndi zipatala chifukwa cha tsankho, Blackwell sanataye mtima. Mu 1857, iye anayambitsa New York Infirmary ya Amayi ndi Ana ndi mlongo wake Emily ndi mnzake Marie Zakrzewska. Chipatalacho chinali ndi ntchito ziwiri: kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa amayi osauka ndi ana komanso kupereka mwayi wogwira ntchito kwa madokotala achikazi. Pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku America, alongo a Blackwell anaphunzitsa anamwino a zipatala za Union. Mu 1868, Elizabeth anatsegula koleji ya zamankhwala ya amayi ku New York City, ndi ku 1875, anakhala a pulofesa wa gynecology ku new London School of Medicine for Women.
Mpainiya ndi Wolimbikitsa
Elizabeth Blackwell sanangogonjetsa zotchinga zodabwitsa zaumwini komanso anatsegula njira kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo ya akazi pazamankhwala. Cholowa chake chimaposa ntchito yake yachipatala ndipo chimaphatikizapo udindo wake wolimbikitsa maphunziro a amayi ndi kutenga nawo mbali pazachipatala. Zolemba zake, kuphatikizapo autobiography yotchedwa "Ntchito Yaupainiya Yotsegulira Ntchito Yachipatala kwa Akazi” (1895), ndi umboni wa kuthandizira kwake kosalekeza pakupita patsogolo kwa amayi pazamankhwala.
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