Mankhwala apakatikati: pakati pa empiricism ndi chikhulupiriro
Kuthamangitsidwa muzochita ndi zikhulupiriro zachipatala ku Europe yakale
Miyambi yakale ndi machitidwe akale
Medicine in zaka zamakedzana ku Europe idayimira kuphatikizika kwa chidziwitso chakale, zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, komanso luso laukadaulo. Kusunga malire a nthabwala zinayi (chithokomiro chachikasu, phlegm, ndulu yakuda, ndi magazi), madokotala a nthawiyo ankadalira kuyezetsa koyambirira kovomerezeka kuti awone odwala, poganizira zinthu monga nyengo yakukhala, zakudya zachizoloŵezi, ngakhalenso kuneneratu za horoscope. Zochita zachipatala zinali zozikika kwambiri mu Miyambo ya Hippocrates, yomwe inagogomezera kufunika kwa zakudya, kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, ndi mankhwala kuti abwezeretse mphamvu ya kuseketsa.
Machiritso a Templar ndi mankhwala owerengeka
Kufanana ndi machitidwe azachipatala kutengera Miyambo ya Agiriki ndi Aroma, panali machiritso a Templar ndi mankhwala amtundu. Mankhwala a anthu, mosonkhezeredwa ndi miyambo yachikunja ndi miyambo ya anthu, anagogomezera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba. Izi njira yoyeserera ndi pragmatic amangoyang'ana kwambiri pakuchiritsa matenda kuposa kumvetsetsa kwawo kwa etiological. Zitsamba zamankhwala, zolimidwa m’minda ya amonke, zinali ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala panthaŵiyo. Mawerengero ngati Hildegard von Bingen, ngakhale kuti anaphunzitsidwa za mankhwala achigiriki akale, ankaphatikizanso mankhwala amtundu wa anthu m’zochita zawo.
Maphunziro azachipatala ndi opaleshoni
Achipatala sukulu ya Montpellier, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 10, ndikuwongolera machitidwe azachipatala ndi Roger wa ku Sicily mu 1140, zikuwonetsa kuyesa kwa standardization ndi kuwongolera mankhwala. Njira zopangira maopaleshoni panthawiyo zinkaphatikizapo kudula ziwalo, kutulutsa ng’ala, kuchotsa ng’ala, kuchotsa dzino, ndi kugwedeza. Apothecaries, omwe amagulitsa mankhwala ndi katundu wa ojambula, adakhala malo odziwa zachipatala.
Matenda a Medieval ndi njira yauzimu yochiritsira
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a Middle Ages anali mliri, khate, ndi moto wa Saint Anthony. Mliri wa 1346 anawononga Ulaya mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Khate, ngakhale kuti amapatsirana pang'ono monga momwe ankakhulupirira, amapatsira odwala kwa iwo okha chifukwa cha kupunduka komwe kunayambitsa. Moto wa Saint Anthony, chifukwa cha kudya rye woipitsidwa, kungayambitse matenda oopsa. Matendawa, pamodzi ndi ena ambiri osadziwika bwino, adalongosola za zovuta zachipatala zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayankhidwa ndi njira yauzimu, pamodzi ndi machitidwe azachipatala a nthawiyo.
Mankhwala mu Middle Ages adawonetsa kuphatikizika kovutikira kwa chidziwitso champhamvu, zauzimu, komanso malamulo oyambira akatswiri. Ngakhale kuti panthaŵiyo panali zopereŵera ndi zikhulupiriro zamatsenga, nthaŵi imeneyi inayala maziko a chitukuko chamtsogolo pankhani ya zamankhwala ndi opaleshoni.
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