Chiyambi cha maikulosikopu: zenera ku dziko laling'ono
Ulendo Wodutsa mu Mbiri ya Microscopy
Mizu ya Microscopy
Lingaliro la microscope unayambira kalekale. Mu China, Kale zaka 4,000 zapitazo, zitsanzo zowonjezera zinkawoneka kudzera m'magalasi kumapeto kwa chubu chodzaza madzi, kukwaniritsa kukula kwakukulu. Mchitidwewu, womwe wapita patsogolo kwambiri panthawi yake, ukuwonetsa kuti kukulitsa kwa kuwala kunali kodziwika komanso komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. M'zikhalidwe zinanso, monga Greek, Aiguptondipo Aroma, magalasi opindika ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni. Zitsanzo zoyambirira zimenezi, ngakhale kuti zinali zatsopano, sizinaimire maikulosikopu monga momwe tikudziŵira lerolino koma zinayala maziko a kutulukira kwake m’tsogolo.
Kubadwa kwa Compound Microscope
Kupambana kwenikweni mu mbiri ya microscopy kunachitika mozungulira 1590 pamene opanga ma lens atatu aku Dutch - Hans Jansen,mwana wake Zakariya Jansenndipo Hans Lippershey - amayamikiridwa kuti adayambitsa microscope yolimba. Chipangizo chatsopanochi, chomwe chinaphatikiza ma lens angapo mu chubu, chinalola kukulitsa kwambiri kuposa njira zam'mbuyomu. Inakhala yotchuka m'zaka za zana la 17 ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi monga Robert hooke, Wachingelezi wafilosofi wachilengedwe, amene anayamba kuchitira zionetsero nthaŵi zonse ku Royal Society kuyambira mu 1663. Mu 1665, Hooke anafalitsa “Mikrograph", ntchito yomwe idayambitsa zowonera zingapo zazing'ono ndipo idathandizira kwambiri kufalikira kwa ma microscopy.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Bambo wa Microscopy
Pamodzi ndi Hooke, Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, wamalonda wachi Dutch ndi wasayansi, adapangidwa yosavuta komabe maikulosikopu amphamvu modabwitsa. Leeuwenhoek anagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu amenewa pofufuza koyamba za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'madzi mu 1670, motero anayambitsa sayansi ya microbiology. Amadziwika ndi luso lake lopanga magalasi komanso makalata ake atsatanetsatane ku Royal Society ku London, omwe adatsimikizira ndikufalitsa zomwe adapeza. Kupyolera mu makalata awa, Leeuwenhoek anakhala munthu wapakati pa chitukuko cha microscopy.
Kupita patsogolo Kwaukadaulo
Kuyambira mochedwa 17th m'zaka, kuwala kwa chida ichi kunapitirizabe kupita patsogolo mofulumira. Mu 18th m'zaka, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kunapangidwa pokonza kusintha kwa chromatic, kuwongolera kwambiri mawonekedwe azithunzi. Mu 19th m'zaka, kuyambitsidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano ya magalasi a kuwala ndi kumvetsetsa kwa geometry ya kuwala kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwina. Zochitikazi zinayala maziko a makina amakono a makina oonera zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zinachititsa kuti dziko losaoneka ndi maso lizifufuza mosamalitsa ndiponso momveka bwino kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.