Emsuka wokusebenza kwezokwelapha: umlando wezikole zezokwelapha zakuqala
Uhambo Lokungena Ekuzalweni Nenguquko Yemfundo Yezokwelapha
Isikole saseMontpellier: Isiko Leminyaka Eyinkulungwane
The Isikhundla Semithi ngesikhathi Inyuvesi yaseMontpellier, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-12, yaziwa ngokuthi Isikole sezokwelapha esidala esisebenza ngokuqhubekayo emhlabeni. Umsuka wayo uhlehlela emuva ku-1170 lapho i-nucleus yokuqala yodokotela nothisha abasebenzayo kwakheka. Ngo-1181, isimemezelo sika- UWilliam VIII wamemezela inkululeko yokufundisa imithi e-Montpellier. Lesi sikole sinomlando ocebile ophawulwa ithonya lesiko lezokwelapha lesi-Arabhu, lamaJuda, nelobuKristu kanye nokubaluleka kokwelashwa ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlaka lwesikhungo. Ngo-Agasti 17, 1220, UKhadinali Conrad d'Urach, isikhulu sikaPapa, sanikeza imithetho yokuqala “universitas medicorum” yaseMontpellier. Isikole saseMontpellier sikubonile ukudlula kwezibalo zomlando ezifana URabelais futhi U-Arnaud de Villeneuve, okuneqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi yesimanje.
I-Salerno Medical School: Iphayona le-European Medical Education
I-Salerno, eningizimu ye-Italy, ibhekwa njengesizinda sezokwelapha zanamuhla zaseyunivesithi yaseYurophu. I Isikole Sezokwelapha sase-Salerno, ozibiza ngokuthi “I-Civitas Hippocratica“, yakhelwe phezu kwamasiko kaHippocrates, odokotela base-Alexandria, kanye noGalen. Ngekhulu le-11, kwaqala inkathi entsha UConstantine wase-Afrika, owahumushela imibhalo yomuthi wamaGreki nesi-Arabhu olimini lwesiLatini. Lesi sikole saba isikhungo esikhulu semfundo yezokwelapha kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane, sinekharikhulamu esezingeni kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lomphakathi. Ngekhulu le-12, cishe zonke izincwadi zika-Aristotle, uHippocrates, uGalen, u-Avicenna noRhazes zase zitholakala ngesiLatini. Imfundo yezokwelapha yaqiniswa ngaphansi kokubusa koMbusi UFrederick II, owayibeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kombuso.
Ukubaluleka Kwezikole Zezokwelapha
Izikole zezokwelapha zaseMontpellier naseSalerno zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikole imithi yesimanje, okuthonya imfundo yezokwelapha nokwenza kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Indlela yabo yokufundisa nokuvuleleka emasikweni ezokwelapha ahlukahlukene kwabeka isisekelo semfundo yezokwelapha yasenyuvesi njengoba sikwazi namuhla. Lezi zikhungo zemfundo azigcinanga nje ngokukhiqiza odokotela abanekhono kodwa futhi beziyisizinda se ucwaningo kanye nemisha.
Uma sicabanga ngomlando walezi zikole, kuba sobala ukuthi imfundo yezokwelapha ibe nomthelela omkhulu kanjani emphakathini. Ifa lezikole ezinjengeMontpellier kanye ne-Salerno liyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela emhlabeni wezokwelapha, ligcizelela ukubaluleka kokufunda okusekelwe ekuzijwayezeni, ucwaningo, kanye nokuhlangana kwamasiko.
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