Umsuka we-microscope: iwindi elingena emhlabeni omncane
Uhambo Ngomlando We-Microscopy
Izimpande Ze-Microscopy
Umqondo we i-microscope inezimpande ezikhathini zasendulo. Ku China, eminyakeni engu-4,000 edlule, amasampula akhulisiwe abonwa ngamalensi ekupheleni kweshubhu eligcwele amanzi, afinyelela amazinga abalulekile okukhulisa. Lo mkhuba, othuthuke ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sawo, ubonisa ukuthi ukukhuliswa kwe-optical kwakuwumqondo owaziwayo futhi owawusetshenziswa endulo. Nakwamanye amasiko, njenge Greek, EGibhithe, Futhi Roman, amalensi agobile ayesetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezinqubo zokuhlinza. Lezi zibonelo zakuqala, nakuba zaziyintsha, azizange zimelele isibonakhulu njengoba sisazi namuhla kodwa zabeka isisekelo sokusungulwa kwayo esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuzalwa Kwemicroscope Ehlanganisiwe
Ukuphumelela kweqiniso emlandweni we-microscope kwenzeka nxazonke 1590 lapho abenzi abathathu be-lens baseDutch - Hans Jansen, indodana yakhe UZakariya Jansen, Futhi UHans Lippershey - bahlonishwa ngokusungula i i-microscope ehlanganisiwe. Le divayisi entsha, ehlanganise amalensi amaningi kushubhu, ivumele ukukhuliswa okukhulu kakhulu kunezindlela zangaphambilini. Yaduma ngekhulu le-17 futhi yasetshenziswa ososayensi abanjengo URobert hooke, isazi sefilosofi yemvelo esiyiNgisi, esaqala ukunikeza iRoyal Society imiboniso njalo kusukela ngo-1663. Ngo-1665, uHooke wanyathelisa isihloko esithi “I-Micrograph“, umsebenzi owethula izinhlobonhlobo zokubhekwa kwe-microscopic futhi waba negalelo elikhulu ekusabalaleni kwe-microscope.
U-Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Ubaba We-Microscopy
Kanyekanye neHooke, U-Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, umthengisi nososayensi ongumDashi, kwathuthukiswa elula nokho izibonakhulu ezinamandla ngokungavamile. U-Leeuwenhoek wasebenzisa lezi zibonakhulu ekuhloleni kwakhe izinto ezincane kakhulu emanzini ngo-1670, ngaleyo ndlela esungula i-microbiology. Waziwa ngekhono lakhe lokukhiqiza amalensi kanye nezincwadi zakhe ezinemininingwane azibhalele iRoyal Society eLondon, eyaqinisekisa futhi yasabalalisa lokho akutholile. Ngalezi zincwadi, u-Leeuwenhoek waba umuntu oyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni kwe-microscopy.
Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe
Kusukela ngasekupheleni Ikhulu le-17th, i-optics yaleli thuluzi yaqhubeka ithuthuka ngokushesha. Kwe Ikhulu le-18th, kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekulungiseni ukuphambana kwechromatic, kwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe. Kwe Ikhulu le-19th, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zengilazi yokubona kanye nokuqonda i-optical geometry kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwabeka isisekelo se-microscope yesimanje, okuvumela ukuhlola umhlaba we-microscopic ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe kanye nokucaca okungakaze kubonwe.