Ukutholakala okuguqule ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela

insulin, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu okutholwe kwezokwelapha kwe Ikhulu le-20th, lalimelela impumelelo ekulweni sikashukela. Ngaphambi kokufika kwaso, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile kwakuyisigwebo sentambo, ithemba elincane kakhulu ezigulini. Le ndatshana ilandelela umlando we-insulin, kusukela ekutholakaleni kwayo kuye entuthukweni yesimanjemanje eqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Izinsuku zokuqala zocwaningo

Indaba ye-insulin iqala ngocwaningo lososayensi ababili baseJalimane, Oskar Minkowski futhi UJoseph von Mering, okwathi ngo-1889 wathola indima ye-pancreas kushukela. Lokhu kutholakala kuholele ekuqondeni ukuthi amanyikwe akhiqiza into, kamuva eyahlonzwa njenge-insulin, ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngo-1921, UFrederick Banting futhi UCharles Best, esebenza eNyuvesi yaseToronto, yahlukanisa ngempumelelo i-insulin futhi yabonisa umphumela wayo osindisa ukuphila ezinjeni ezinesifo sikashukela. Lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando savula indlela yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ukuze isetshenziswe abantu, kwashintsha kakhulu ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukukhiqiza nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweNyuvesi yaseToronto kanye U-Eli Lilly neNkampani yasiza ukunqoba izinselele ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin enkulu, okwenza itholakale ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela ekupheleni kuka-1922. Le nqubekelaphambili yaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha yokwelapha isifo sikashukela, okuvumela iziguli ukuba ziphile cishe impilo evamile. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ucwaningo luye lwaqhubeka nokuguquka, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-recombinant i-insulin yomuntu ngawo-1970 kanye nama-analogues e-insulin, okuqhubeka kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Sibheke esikhathini esizayo sokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela

Namuhla, ucwaningo lwe-insulin luyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe ngokushesha okukhulu kanye nama-insulin agxile kakhulu athembisa ukuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne amanyikwe okwenziwa, ehlanganisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-glucose namaphampu e-insulin, iba yinto engokoqobo, enikeza ithemba elisha lokulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela okulula futhi okuphumelelayo. Lezi ntuthuko, zisekelwa ucwaningo oluxhaswe ngabakwa Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sesifo Sikashukela kanye Nezifo Zokugula Nezinso Zokugaya (NIDDK), ihlose ukwenza ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kungabi umthwalo futhi kube okomuntu siqu, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yabantu abaphila nalesi simo.

Imithombo

• https://diabetes.org
• https://it.wikipedia.org
• https://www.fda.gov
• https://www.niddk.nih.gov