Ukuvula izimfihlo zemithi yangaphambi komlando
Uhambo Lwesikhathi Lokuthola Umsuka Womuthi
Ukuhlinzwa Kwangaphambi Komlando
In izikhathi zangaphambi komlando, ukuhlinzwa kwakungewona umqondo ongaqondakali kodwa iqiniso elibonakalayo nelivame ukusindisa ukuphila. I-Trepanation, eyenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-5000 BC ezifundeni ezifana France, isibonelo esingavamile somkhuba onjalo. Le nqubo, ehilela ukukhishwa kwengxenye yogebhezi, kungenzeka ukuthi yayisetshenziselwa ukudambisa izimo zemizwa ezifana nesifo sokuwa noma ikhanda elibuhlungu. Ukuba khona kwemikhondo ephulukisiwe ezungeze izimbobo kubonisa ukuthi iziguli azigcini nje ngokusinda kodwa zaphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze kwenzeke ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo. Ngaphandle kwe-trepanation, abantu be-prehistoric babenamakhono ukwelapha ukuphuka futhi ukususwa. Basebenzisa ubumba nezinye izinto zemvelo ukuze bavimbe izitho ezilimele, babonise ukuqonda okunembile kwesidingo sokunciphisa ukunyakaza ukuze kuphulukiswe okufanele.
Umlingo Nabelaphi
Enhliziyweni yemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando, abelaphi, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-shaman noma abathakathi, bafeza indima ebalulekile. Babengebona nje odokotela kodwa futhi babeyibhuloho phakathi kwezwe elingokwenyama nelingokomoya. Babutha amakhambi, benza izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuhlinza, futhi banikeza nezeluleko zezokwelapha. Nokho, amakhono abo adlulela ngalé kwendawo ebonakalayo; baphinde baqashwe ukwelapha okungaphezu kwemvelo njengezigqilo, iziphonso, nemikhuba yokuxosha imimoya emibi. Emasikweni anjengama-Apache, abelaphi babengagcini nje ngokuphulukisa umzimba kodwa nomphefumulo, benza imikhosi enemininingwane yokuhlonza uhlobo lokugula nokwelashwa kwakho. Le mikhosi, evame ukuhanjelwa umkhaya wesiguli nabangane, yayihlanganisa amafomula omlingo, imithandazo, nokushaywa, okubonisa ukuxubana okuyingqayizivele kwemithi, inkolo, nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Amaphayona Odokotela Bamazinyo
Amazinyo, umkhakha manje esiwubheka njengokhethekile kakhulu, owawusuvele unezimpande zawo ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Ku Italy, cishe eminyakeni eyi-13,000 edlule, umkhuba wokubhoboza nokugcwalisa amazinyo wawusuvele ukhona, isandulela esimangalisayo sezinqubo zamazinyo zanamuhla. Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu ukutholakala ku- Isiyingi sase-Indus impucuko, lapho cishe ngo-3300 BC, abantu base benolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lokunakekelwa kwamazinyo. Izinsalela zemivubukulo zibonisa ukuthi zazinekhono lokubhola amazinyo, umkhuba ongafakazeli nje kuphela ukuqonda kwazo impilo yomlomo kodwa nekhono labo lokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezincane nezinembayo.
Njengoba sihlola izimpande zemithi yangaphambi komlando, sihlangabezana ne- ukuhlangana okuthakazelisayo kwesayensi, ubuciko, kanye nengokomoya. Ukulinganiselwa kolwazi lwezokwelapha kwanxeshezelwa ngokuqonda okujulile kwendawo yemvelo kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile nezinkolelo ezingokomoya. Ukusinda kwemikhuba efana nezinqubo ze-trepanation kanye nezinqubo zamazinyo phakathi nenkulungwane yeminyaka akugcizeleli nje kuphela ubuhlakani bezimpucuko zakuqala kodwa futhi nokuzimisela kwazo ukuphulukisa nokuqeda ukuhlupheka. Lolu hambo lwezokwelapha zangaphambi komlando alugcini nje ngokufakazela umlando wethu kodwa futhi luyisikhumbuzo sokuqina nobuhlakani bomuntu.
Imithombo