U-Elizabeth Blackwell: iphayona kwezokwelapha
Uhambo Olumangalisayo Lodokotela Wowesifazane Wokuqala
Ukuqala Kwenguquko
Elizabeth Blackwell, owazalwa ngo-February 3, 1821, eBristol, eNgilandi, wathuthela e-United States nomkhaya wakhe ngo-1832, bazinza eCincinnati, e-Ohio. Ngemva kokufa kukayise ngo-1838, u-Elizabeth nomndeni wakhe babhekana ubunzima bezezimali, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe u-Elizabeth ekuphishekeleni amaphupho akhe. Isinqumo sakhe sokuba udokotela sigqugquzelwe amazwi omngane wakhe owayegulela ukufa owazwakalisa isifiso sakhe sokuthi abelashwe udokotela wesifazane. Ngaleso sikhathi, umqondo kadokotela wesifazane wawucishe ungacabangeki, futhi uBlackwell wabhekana nezinselele eziningi nokubandlululwa ohambweni lwakhe. Naphezu kwalokhu, wakwazi ukwamukelwa ku I-Geneva Medical College eNew York ku 1847, nakuba ukwamukelwa kwakhe ekuqaleni kwakubhekwa njengehlaya.
Ukunqoba Izinselele
Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, uBlackwell wayevame ebekelwe eceleni ngabafundi afunda nabo kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo. Wahlangabezana nezithiyo ezinkulu, kuhlanganise ukubandlululwa kusuka kumaprofesa kanye nokukhishwa emakilasini nasemalabhorethri. Nokho, ukuzimisela kwakhe akuzange kuntengantenge, futhi ekugcineni wazuza inhlonipho yoprofesa kanye nabafundi ayekanye nabo, wathweswa iziqu okokuqala ekilasini lakhe ngo-1849. Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe, waqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe ezibhedlela zaseLondon naseParis, lapho ayevame ukunikezwa khona umsebenzi wobuhlengikazi noma wokubelethisa.
Ifa Lomthelela
Naphezu kobunzima bokuthola iziguli nokusebenza ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo ngenxa yokucwaswa ngokobulili, uBlackwell akazange aphele amandla. Ngo-1857, wasungula i- I-New York Infirmary Yabesifazane Nezingane nodadewabo Emily kanye nozakwethu UMarie Zakrzewska. Isibhedlela sasinomsebenzi okabili: ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezokwelapha kwabesifazane abampofu nezingane kanye nokunikeza amathuba omsebenzi kodokotela besifazane. Ngesikhathi se- Impi Yezwe YaseMelika, odade bakwaBlackwell baqeqeshela abahlengikazi bezibhedlela zeNyunyana. Ngo-1868, u-Elizabeth wavula ikolishi lezokwelapha labesifazane eNew York City, nase- 1875, waba a uprofesa wezifo zabesifazane okusha London School of Medicine for Women.
Iphayona kanye Nogqozi
U-Elizabeth Blackwell akagcinanga ngokunqoba izithiyo zomuntu siqu ezimangalisayo kodwa futhi yavula indlela yezizukulwane ezizayo zabesifazane kwezokwelapha. Ifa lakhe lidlulela ngalé komsebenzi wakhe wezokwelapha futhi lihlanganisa indima yakhe ekukhuthazeni imfundo yabesifazane nokubamba iqhaza emsebenzini wezokwelapha. Izincwadi zakhe, okuhlanganisa ne-autobiography enesihloko esithi “Umsebenzi Wokuphayona Ekuvuleni Umsebenzi Wezokwelapha Kwabesifazane” (1895), ziwubufakazi begalelo lakhe eliqhubekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwabesifazane kwezokwelapha.
Imithombo