Ukuguqulwa kwe-penicillin
Umuthi owashintsha umlando wezokwelapha
Indaba ye i-penicillin, isibulala-magciwane sokuqala, siqala nge- ukutholwa ngengozi okwavula indlela yenkathi entsha yokulwa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukutholwa kwayo kanye nokuthuthuka okwalandela kuyizindaba zokuqonda, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okwasindisa izigidi zezimpilo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukusuka esikhunjeni kuya emuthini
In 1928, U-Alexander Fleming, isazi samagciwane saseScotland, sathola i-penicillin ngokubheka ukuthi “ijusi lesikhunta” ingabulala izinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane ayingozi. Ukuntuleka kwentshisekelo ekuqaleni kanye nobunzima bezobuchwepheshe ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzeni i-penicillin akuzange kuvimbe ucwaningo. Kwakungaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II kuphela lapho Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, nethimba labo e University of Oxford uphendule lesi sikhunta saba umuthi osindisa impilo, sinqoba izithiyo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe nezokukhiqiza.
Imboni ye-penicillin e-Oxford
Umzamo wokukhiqiza e-Oxford, waqala ngo 1939, wawubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kweziqukathi zesikhashana ezihlukahlukene ukuze kulinywe I-penicillium kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza esiphelele ngaphakathi kwelabhorethri. Naphezu kwezimo zesikhathi sempi nokushoda kwezinsiza, ithimba likwazile ukukhiqiza i-penicillin eyanele ukukhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo ekwelapheni izifo ezinzima ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Umnikelo waseMelika ekukhiqizeni i-penicillin
Ukuqaphela isidingo sokukhiqiza i-penicillin ngezinga elikhulu, Florey futhi Heatley uye ku I-united states in 1941, lapho ukusebenzisana ne Imboni yezemithi yaseMelika kanye nokwesekwa kukahulumeni kwaguqula i-penicillin isuka kumkhiqizo waselabhorethri othakazelisayo yaba umuthi otholakala kabanzi. Izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile, njengokusetshenziswa kotshwala obuyizintaba zommbila ekuvubeleni, kwandisa kakhulu isivuno se-penicillin, okwenza kutholakale ukwelashwa kwamasosha Ahlangene phakathi nempi futhi kamuva emphakathini.
Lolu hambo olusuka ekutholakaleni luye ekusatshalalisweni komhlaba wonke kwe-penicillin lugqamisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Indaba ye-penicillin akuyona nje eyomuthi oguquguqukayo kodwa nokuthi ukuqamba okusha, okuqhutshwa isidingo nokuzinikela, kunganqoba kanjani izithiyo eziyinselele kakhulu.
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