Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili esibhedlele kunye nokhathalelo lwangaphambi kwesibhedlele kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo, ukwenzakala kuseyeyona nto iphambili yokufa.

Enyanisweni, umonzakalo ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokufa kumazwe aseNtshona kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala

Abahlanguli badlala indima ephambili kukhathalelo lokwenzakala ngokuvavanya, ukunyanga nokuthutha izigulane kwindawo ekufutshane yokhathalelo lwengozi.

Abahlanguli basindisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokuphendula kwiingozi zemoto ezingenakubalwa kunye nezinye iingozi ezibuhlungu.

Iinzame zabo zokuhlangula zinempembelelo enkulu kwiziphumo zempilo zamaxhoba okwenzakala.

Kuye kwangqinwa ukuba amaxhoba okwenzakala kakhulu anethuba elingcono le-25% lokusinda ukuba athatyathwe ngokukhawuleza kwiziko le-trauma.

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Yintoni ukwenzakala okubuhlungu?

Ukulimala okubuhlungu kukwenzakala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubi okubangelwa ngamandla omzimba; imizekelo ibandakanya iingozi zemoto, ukuwa, ukurhaxwa, amanxeba okudutyulwa, ukutsha, ukuhlatywa okanye ezinye izoyikiso zomzimba.

Ukwenzakala okukhulu kuchazwa njengayo nayiphi na inzakalo enokubangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa ixesha elide.

Ukwenzakala okubuhlungu kwenzeka xa ilungu lomzimba lonakaliswe yimpembelelo, ukwenzakala okanye uhlaselo lomzimba.

Ukwenzakala okubuhlungu kwenzeka xa ilungu lomzimba lonakaliswe yimpembelelo, ukwenzakala okanye uhlaselo lomzimba.

Ukwenzakala okungenwayo kwenzeka xa into igqobhoza ulusu ize ingene emzimbeni, idale inxeba elivulekileyo.

Ukulimala okubuhlungu kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo enokufuna ukuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungenelela.

Iimpawu zokwenzakala okubuhlungu

Ukwenzakala okubuhlungu kuyingozi enkulu kwaye ibeka ubomi esichengeni.

Inokuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba.

Iimpawu zokulimala okubuhlungu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba okanye ummandla ochaphazelekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zentlungu zifana naziphi na ezinye iingozi ezinzulu, kwaye ziquka ukopha okunzulu, ukubetha, ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukutyunjwa, ukuchithwa, ukutshisa kunye neentlungu ezibuhlungu.

Uninzi lweempawu kunye neempawu ezingabonakaliyo zihambelana nokulimala kwengqondo, ezidweliswe ngezantsi.

Ukufunyaniswa komothuko ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima, njengoko iimpawu zokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu zinokuvela kwangoko emva kwesehlo esothusayo okanye iiveki kamva.

Iimpawu zokwenzakala okubuhlungu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukungaboni kakuhle, ukukhala ezindlebeni, incasa embi, ukungakwazi ukuvumba.
• Ulwelo olucacileyo oluvuza empumlweni okanye ezindlebeni
• Ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula
• Unzima ukulala
• Ukwenyuswa komntwana omnye okanye omabini wamehlo
• Isiyezi okanye ukulahleka kwebhalansi
• Ukudinwa okanye ukozela
• Ukuziva ukudakumba okanye ukuxhalaba
• Intloko
• Ukungakwazi ukuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo (imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa) (ngalo naliphi na ixesha elide)
• Iingxaki ngememori okanye ukugxila
• Ukutshintsha kwemo yeemvakalelo okanye ukuguquka kwemizwelo
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
• Akukho kulahlekelwa zingqondweni kodwa imeko yokubhideka okanye ukudideka
• Ukuba ndindisholo kwiminwe neenzwane
• Iingxaki zokuthetha
• Ukuqonda ukukhanya okanye isandi
• Ukulala ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo
• Intetho ebhidekileyo

Umothuko, nini ukubiza iinkonzo zikaxakeka?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezichazwe ngasentla, kufuneka ufowunele iNombolo eNgxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Nokuba iimpawu zibonakala zithambile okanye ziphakathi, inokuba yinzakalo embi kakhulu efuna ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo okanye uncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.

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Indlela yokuphatha ukwenzakala okubuhlungu

Ukunyangwa kokulimala okubuhlungu, ngaphambi kokufika kwabaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokulimala, umzekelo, iingozi zemoto, ukuwa, ukucwina, ukudubula, ukutshisa, ukugwaza, njl.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, efanelekileyo Uncedo yokuqala kufuneka isetyenziswe ukunyanga iimpawu zokwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala.

Umzekelo, kwimeko yokopha, uxinzelelo kufuneka lufakwe enxebeni ukuze kuthotywe ukopha.

Kwimeko yengozi yemoto, okanye ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba ixhoba liye lagcina a entanyeni okanye ukulimala komqolo, ukuhambisa ixhoba kufuneka kuphetshwe ngazo zonke iindleko ngaphandle kokuba usengozini yokwenzakala kakhulu.

Kwezi meko, hlala usondele kwixhoba kwaye unikeze intuthuzelo kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo.

Kuzo zonke iimeko zokulimala okubuhlungu, nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kukubiza iNombolo eNgxamisekileyo.

Xa uthetha ne-dispatcher engxamisekileyo, mhlawumbi uya kukubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga nohlobo lokulimala kwaye unokubonelela ngeminye imiyalelo yokunceda ixhoba le-trauma de kufike abaphenduli bexakeka okanye i-paramedics.

Ukuba ubonile ukulimala okanye ufike ngokukhawuleza emva kokulimala, unokukwazi ukubonelela abaphenduli bexakeka ngolwazi olubalulekileyo olufunekayo kuvavanyo kunye nonyango.

Kwimeko yokwenzakala kwengqondo, iimpendulo kule mibuzo ilandelayo zinokuba luncedo olukhulu kubasebenzi bakaxakeka xa befika kwindawo yexhwayelo:

• Kwenzeke njani ukwenzakala?
• Ngaba umntu waphelelwa zingqondo? Ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba kukho utshintsho ekuqapheleni, intetho okanye ukulungelelaniswa kwesigulane?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu zokwenzakala ozifumeneyo?
• Ukwenzakala kwenzeke kweziphi iindawo zomzimba?
• Kwimeko yokulimala kwentloko, impembelelo yenzeke phi?
• Ngaba unokubonelela ngolwazi malunga namandla okwenzakala? Kwimeko yengozi yemoto, umzekelo, yayihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani imoto, kude kangakanani ukuwa kwenzeke, ixesha elide kangakanani lenzeke?

Isishwankathelo sonyango lokwenzakala okunxulumene nomonzakalo

Ukulimala okuninzi okubuhlungu kunokunyangwa kumasebe angxamisekileyo esibhedlele.

Owona monzakalo unzima unokunyangwa Igumbi loncedo olukhawulezayo abasebenzi (ii-EMTs kunye nee-paramedics) njenge-alarm trauma.

Inqanaba lokuqala lokulumkisa ngokwenzakala lisekelwe kuvavanyo lomzimba olukhawulezileyo lweemfuno zonyango olukhawulezileyo lwexhoba.

Ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ze-alamu ye-trauma, abaphenduli bokuqala bahambisa isigulane kwisibhedlele esifanelekileyo.

Ii-EMTs zase-US kunye nee-paramedics ziyiphatha njani intlungu

Kuzo zonke iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zeklinikhi, isinyathelo sokuqala luvavanyo olukhawulezayo nolucwangcisiweyo lwesigulane.

Kolu vavanyo, uninzi lwabahlanguli basebenzisa i IABCDE indlela.

Indlela ye-ABCDE (i-Airway, ukuphefumla, ukujikeleza, ukukhubazeka, ukuvezwa) iyasebenza kuzo zonke iimeko eziphuthumayo zeklinikhi ukuze kuhlolwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango.

Ingasetyenziswa esitratweni kunye okanye ngaphandle izixhobo.

Ingaphinda isetyenziswe kwifomu ephezulu kakhulu apho iinkonzo zonyango eziphuthumayo zifumanekayo, kubandakanywa amagumbi ongxamiseko, izibhedlele okanye amagumbi okunyamekela kakhulu.

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Izikhokelo zonyango kunye nezibonelelo kubaphenduli bokuqala bezonyango

Izikhokelo zonyango lwe-trauma zingafumaneka kwiphepha le-184 loMfuziselo weSizwe we-EMS Guidelines Clinical of the National Association of State EMT Officials (NASEMSO).

Ezi zikhokelo zigcinwa yi-NASEMSO ukuququzelela ukudalwa kwezikhokelo zeklinikhi, iiprotocol, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza kwiinkqubo ze-EMS zelizwe kunye nezendawo.

Ezi zikhokelo zisekelwe kubungqina okanye zisekelwe kwimvumelwano kwaye zenziwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabaqeqeshi be-EMS kwintsimi.

Ukwenzakala kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na ilungu lomzimba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye ifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo olwahlukileyo.

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Ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zokwenzakala kwabantu abadala ezigutyungelwe yiNASEMSO ziquka:

• Ukwenzakala koqhushululu
• Burns
• Ukulimala
• Ukwenzakala okugqithisileyo / Ulawulo lokopha ngaphandle
• Ukwenzakala ebusweni/kwamazinyo
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• Iingqwalaselo zesisongelo esiphezulu / Imeko yokudubula esebenzayo
• Umqolo nya mekela
• Ababoneleli be-EMS kufuneka babhekiselele kwindawo ye-CDC udidi izikhokelo xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuba kuthuthwa phi izigulane ezonzakeleyo.

AmaZiko oLawulo lweSifo (CDC) izikhokelo zovavanyo lwentsimi azijoliswanga kwi-triage yokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi okanye iintlekele.

Endaweni yoko, zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nezigulana ezenzakeleyo eUnited States ngenxa yeengozi zemoto, ukuwa, ukwenzakala okungena ngaphakathi, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulimala.

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Ifonti dell'articolo

Unitek EMT