Emergency Room Access: Neurology Emergencies
Let’s talk about Emergencies in Neurology: according to various epidemiological studies, 25-30 % of hospital emergency room admissions are due to acute or subacute pathologies of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Numerous pathological conditions can lead to direct or indirect CNS and PNS damage.
In recent decades, we have witnessed an extraordinary development and advancement of knowledge in the field of neuroscience.
Nowadays, the neurologist can make use of instrumental investigations, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neurosonology (Tsa and transcranial echocolordoppler) and other tools such as EEG, EMG, etc., that enable fundamental diagnostic and therapeutic input.
Emergencies in Neurology, the most frequent clinical pictures
The clinical pictures of neurological interest in order of most frequent occurrence in the emergency room are the following:
► Cerebrovascular diseases (Transient Ischaemic Attack (T.I.A.), ischaemic and haemorrhagic cerebral stroke, acute inflammatory vasculopathies).
► Headaches (primary headaches such as migraine and cluster headaches, secondary headaches).
► Trauma (with loss of consciousness, without loss of consciousness).
► Vertigo and postural instability.
► Disturbances of the state of consciousness (metabolic alterations, electrolyte alterations, etc.).
► Other
In the vast majority of cases, medical intervention in an “Emergency/Urgency” context takes place in the TERRITORY: early clinical recognition of focal and/or diffuse damage to the Nervous System represents a crucial decision-making moment; an important example: if the Patient presents the symptoms of a T. I. A. it is mandatory to follow a “Stroke-Unit pathway”.
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